Legends of the conquest of Spain, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower., sentence 67

The Christians quailed before the foe; the infidels pressed upon them and put them to utter rout; the standard of the cross was cast down, the banner of Spain was trodden under foot, the air resounded with shouts of triumph, with yells of fury, and with the groans of dying men.

Who acts: Christians, air, fury, dying men · What happens: quail, press, put, utter, cast down, tread · To what, where: infidels, Christians, rout, standard, banner, foot

This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Christians, air, fury, dying men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Christians	det
2	Christians	Christian	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 quailed	nsubj
3	quailed	quail	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	before	before	ADP	_	6 foe	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 foe	det
6	foe	foe	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 quailed	obl
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 infidels	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 infidels	det
9	infidels	infidel	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 quailed	parataxis
10	pressed	press	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 infidels	acl
11	upon	upon	ADP	_	12 them	case
12	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 pressed	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 put	cc
14	put	put	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 pressed	conj
15	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 put	obj
16	to	to	PART	_	17 utter	mark
17	utter	utter	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 put	advcl
18	rout	rout	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 utter	obj
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	26 cast	punct
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 standard	det
21	standard	standard	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 cast	nsubj:pass
22	of	of	ADP	_	24 cross	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 cross	det
24	cross	cross	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 standard	nmod
25	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	26 cast	aux:pass
26	cast	cast	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 quailed	parataxis
27	down	down	ADP	_	26 cast	compound:prt
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 trodden	punct
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 banner	det
30	banner	banner	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 trodden	nsubj:pass
31	of	of	ADP	_	32 Spain	case
32	Spain	Spain	PROPN	Number=Sing	30 banner	nmod
33	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	34 trodden	aux:pass
34	trodden	tread	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	26 cast	conj
35	under	under	ADP	_	36 foot	case
36	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 trodden	obl
37	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 air	punct
38	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	39 air	det
39	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 shouts	nsubj
40	resounded	resound	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	39 air	acl
41	with	with	ADP	_	40 resounded	obl
42	shouts	shout	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	34 trodden	parataxis
43	of	of	ADP	_	44 triumph	case
44	triumph	triumph	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 shouts	obl
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 yells	punct
46	with	with	ADP	_	47 yells	case
47	yells	yell	NOUN	Number=Plur	44 triumph	conj
48	of	of	ADP	_	49 fury	case
49	fury	fury	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 yells	nmod
50	,	,	PUNCT	_	54 groans	punct
51	and	and	CCONJ	_	54 groans	cc
52	with	with	ADP	_	54 groans	case
53	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	54 groans	det
54	groans	groan	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 quailed	obl
55	of	of	ADP	_	57 men	case
56	dying	die	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	57 men	amod
57	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	54 groans	nmod
58	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 quailed	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	quail	past	the Christians			before the foe	with the groans of dying men; the infidels parataxis	vn flinch-40.5 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2	press	participle		the infidels not said here			upon Christians = christian	vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
3	put	infinitive		Christians = christian				vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent they=Goal
4	utter speech: other	to-infinitive		rout				vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent rout=Topic
5	cast down	past · passive		the standard of the cross				vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product
6	tread	past · passive		the banner of Spain	foot			vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
7	resound	participle		the air not said here				vn sound_existence-47.4 «NP V»: agent=Theme
8	shout speech: express	present	the air				of triumph and yells of fury	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
9	die	gerund						vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
10	yell		fury					nom yell «communication intransitive»: of=agent
11	groan		dying men					nom groan «communication intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/8/67/

🌲 Legends of the conquest of Spain, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower., sentence 67

The tree

Pragmatics

Legends of the conquest of Spain, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower., sentence 67