Legends of the conquest of Spain, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower., sentence 78
Thus beaten by tempest, and overwhelmed with horror, the king and his courtiers arrived at Toledo, clattering across the bridge of the Tagus, and entering the gate in headlong confusion, as though they had been pursued by an enemy.
Who acts: king, enemy · What happens: beat, overwhelm, arrive, clatter, enter, pursue · To what, where: Toledo, bridge, gate, headlong confusion, courtiers
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, enemy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thus | thus | ADV | _ | 2 beaten | advmod |
| 2 | beaten | beat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 3 | by | by | ADP | _ | 4 tempest | case |
| 4 | tempest | tempest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 beaten | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 overwhelmed | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 overwhelmed | cc |
| 7 | overwhelmed | overwhelm | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 beaten | conj |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 horror | case |
| 9 | horror | horror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 arrived | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 king | punct |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 king | det |
| 12 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 arrived | nsubj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 courtiers | cc |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 courtiers | nmod:poss |
| 15 | courtiers | courtier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 king | conj |
| 16 | arrived | arrive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 overwhelmed | advcl |
| 17 | at | at | ADP | _ | 18 Toledo | case |
| 18 | Toledo | Toledo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 arrived | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 clattering | punct |
| 20 | clattering | clatter | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 16 arrived | advcl |
| 21 | across | across | ADP | _ | 23 bridge | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 bridge | det |
| 23 | bridge | bridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 clattering | obl |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 Tagus | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 Tagus | det |
| 26 | Tagus | Tagus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 bridge | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 entering | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 entering | cc |
| 29 | entering | enter | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 clattering | conj |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 gate | det |
| 31 | gate | gate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 entering | obj |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 confusion | case |
| 33 | headlong | headlong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 confusion | amod |
| 34 | confusion | confusion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 entering | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 pursued | punct |
| 36 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 41 pursued | mark |
| 37 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 41 pursued | mark |
| 38 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 pursued | nsubj |
| 39 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 pursued | aux |
| 40 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 41 pursued | aux:pass |
| 41 | pursued | pursue | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 entering | conj |
| 42 | by | by | ADP | _ | 44 enemy | case |
| 43 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 enemy | det |
| 44 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 pursued | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 beaten | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | beat | participle | by tempest; thus property | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by tempest=Location | |||||
| 2 | overwhelm | participle | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 3 | arrive | past | the king and King's courtiers | Toledo | with horror | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 4 | clatter | gerund | the king and King's courtiers not said here | the bridge of the Tagus | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | enter | gerund | the king and King's courtiers not said here | the gate | headlong confusion | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme gate=Destination | |||
| 6 | pursue | past · perfect · passive | a enemy | courtiers = courtier | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/8/78/