Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter VIII., sentence 24
“This,” said he, bitterly, “is my reward for serving a tyrant; and these are the honours heaped on me by my country, while fighting its battles in a foreign land.
Who acts: This, reward, these, letter · What happens: say, be, serve, heap, fight, battle · To what, where: reward, tyrant, honours, battles, foreign land · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter VIII.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, reward, these, letter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
| 2 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 said | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 This | punct |
| 4 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 This | punct |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 said | nsubj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 bitterly | punct |
| 8 | bitterly | bitterly | ADV | _ | 5 said | advmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 reward | punct |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 reward | punct |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 reward | cop |
| 12 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 reward | nmod:poss |
| 13 | reward | reward | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 said | conj |
| 14 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 15 serving | mark |
| 15 | serving | serve | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 reward | acl |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 tyrant | det |
| 17 | tyrant | tyrant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 serving | obj |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 honours | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 honours | cc |
| 20 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 23 honours | nsubj |
| 21 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 honours | cop |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 honours | det |
| 23 | honours | honour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 said | obl |
| 24 | heaped | heap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 honours | acl |
| 25 | on | on | ADP | _ | 26 me | case |
| 26 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 24 heaped | obl |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 29 country | case |
| 28 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 country | nmod:poss |
| 29 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 heaped | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 fighting | punct |
| 31 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 32 fighting | mark |
| 32 | fighting | fight | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 said | advcl |
| 33 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 battles | nmod:poss |
| 34 | battles | battle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 fighting | obj |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 land | case |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 land | det |
| 37 | foreign | foreign | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 land | amod |
| 38 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 fighting | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | This | countenance nsubj; bitterly property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | This not said here | my reward | my nmod:poss | tree rules | |||
| 3 | serve in a quote | gerund | my reward not said here | a tyrant | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tyrant=Attribute | ||||
| 4 | is a in a quote | present | these | the honours | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | heap in a quote | participle | the honours not said here | on me; by my country | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on i=Destination | ||||
| 6 | fight in a quote | gerund | This not said here | letter's battles | a foreign land | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent battle=Co-Agent | |||
| 7 | battle in a quote | letter | nom battle «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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