Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter VIII., sentence 28
A dark and malignant hatred entered into his soul, not only against Don Roderick, but against all Spain: he looked upon it as the scene of his disgrace, a land in which his family was dishonoured: and, in seeking to avenge the wrongs he had suffered from his sovereign, he meditated against his native country one of the blackest schemes of treason that ever entered into the human heart.
Who acts: dark hatred, hatred, family · What happens: enter, look, dishonour, seek, avenge, suffer · To what, where: soul, family, land, wrongs, sovereign, one
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter VIII.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dark hatred, hatred, family), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 hatred | det |
| 2 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 hatred | amod |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 malignant | cc |
| 4 | malignant | malignant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 dark | conj |
| 5 | hatred | hatred | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 entered | nsubj |
| 6 | entered | enter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | into | into | ADP | _ | 9 soul | case |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 soul | nmod:poss |
| 9 | soul | soul | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 entered | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 Don | punct |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 14 Don | advmod |
| 12 | only | only | ADV | _ | 14 Don | advmod |
| 13 | against | against | ADP | _ | 14 Don | case |
| 14 | Don | Don | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 soul | nmod |
| 15 | Roderick | Roderick | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Don | flat |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 Spain | punct |
| 17 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 20 Spain | cc |
| 18 | against | against | ADP | _ | 20 Spain | case |
| 19 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 20 Spain | det |
| 20 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 entered | obl |
| 21 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 23 looked | punct |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 looked | nsubj |
| 23 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 entered | parataxis |
| 24 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 25 it | case |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 looked | obl |
| 26 | as | as | ADP | _ | 28 scene | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 scene | det |
| 28 | scene | scene | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 looked | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 disgrace | case |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 disgrace | nmod:poss |
| 31 | disgrace | disgrace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 scene | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 land | punct |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 land | det |
| 34 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 disgrace | appos |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 which | case |
| 36 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 40 dishonoured | obl |
| 37 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 family | nmod:poss |
| 38 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 dishonoured | nsubj |
| 39 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 dishonoured | aux:pass |
| 40 | dishonoured | dishonour | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 34 land | acl:relcl |
| 41 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 58 meditated | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 meditated | cc |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 and | punct |
| 44 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 45 seeking | mark |
| 45 | seeking | seek | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 58 meditated | advcl |
| 46 | to | to | PART | _ | 47 avenge | mark |
| 47 | avenge | avenge | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 45 seeking | xcomp |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 wrongs | det |
| 49 | wrongs | wrong | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 avenge | obj |
| 50 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 52 suffered | nsubj |
| 51 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 52 suffered | aux |
| 52 | suffered | suffer | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 49 wrongs | acl:relcl |
| 53 | from | from | ADP | _ | 55 sovereign | case |
| 54 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 55 sovereign | nmod:poss |
| 55 | sovereign | sovereign | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 suffered | obl |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 seeking | punct |
| 57 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 58 meditated | nsubj |
| 58 | meditated | meditate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 looked | conj |
| 59 | against | against | ADP | _ | 62 country | case |
| 60 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 62 country | nmod:poss |
| 61 | native | native | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 country | amod |
| 62 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 meditated | obl |
| 63 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 58 meditated | obl |
| 64 | of | of | ADP | _ | 67 schemes | case |
| 65 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 67 schemes | det |
| 66 | blackest | black | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 67 schemes | amod |
| 67 | schemes | scheme | NOUN | Number=Plur | 63 one | nmod |
| 68 | of | of | ADP | _ | 69 treason | case |
| 69 | treason | treason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 67 schemes | nmod |
| 70 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 72 entered | obj |
| 71 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 72 entered | advmod |
| 72 | entered | enter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 69 treason | acl:relcl |
| 73 | into | into | ADP | _ | 76 heart | case |
| 74 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 76 heart | det |
| 75 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 76 heart | amod |
| 76 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 72 entered | obl |
| 77 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 entered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | enter | past | a dark hatred | hatred's soul against Don | against all Spain | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into soul=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | look | past | hatred | upon soul; as the scene of hatred's disgrace | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent upon it=Theme | ||||
| 3 | dishonour | past · passive | hatred's family | a land | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | seek | gerund | family not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | avenge not said to happen | to-infinitive | family not said here | the wrongs | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | suffer | past · perfect | family | the wrongs not said here | hatred's sovereign | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wrong=Stimulus | |||
| 7 | meditate | past | family | one of the blackest schemes of treason | against hatred's native country | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 8 | enter | past | treason | the human heart | ever | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme that=Destination | |||
| 9 | disgrace | hatred | nom disgrace «state transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 10 | scheme | treason | nom scheme «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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