Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter VIII., sentence 42
As he crossed the bridge of the Tagus, he looked back with a dark brow upon Toledo, and raised his mailed hand and shook it at the royal palace of King Roderick, which crested the rocky height.
Who acts: populace, King Roderick · What happens: cross, look back, raise, mail, shake, crest · To what, where: bridge, mailed hand, royal palace, rocky height
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter VIII.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (populace, King Roderick), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 crossed | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 crossed | nsubj |
| 3 | crossed | cross | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 looked | advcl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 bridge | det |
| 5 | bridge | bridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 crossed | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 Tagus | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Tagus | det |
| 8 | Tagus | Tagus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 bridge | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 crossed | punct |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 looked | nsubj |
| 11 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | back | back | ADV | _ | 11 looked | advmod |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 brow | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 brow | det |
| 15 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 brow | amod |
| 16 | brow | brow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 looked | obl |
| 17 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 18 Toledo | case |
| 18 | Toledo | Toledo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 brow | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 raised | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 raised | cc |
| 21 | raised | raise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 looked | parataxis |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 hand | nmod:poss |
| 23 | mailed | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 hand | amod | |
| 24 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 raised | obj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 shook | cc |
| 26 | shook | shake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 raised | conj |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 shook | obj |
| 28 | at | at | ADP | _ | 31 palace | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 palace | det |
| 30 | royal | royal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 palace | amod |
| 31 | palace | palace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 shook | obl |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 Roderick | case |
| 33 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 Roderick | compound |
| 34 | Roderick | Roderick | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 palace | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 crested | punct |
| 36 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 37 crested | nsubj |
| 37 | crested | crest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 Roderick | acl:relcl |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 height | det |
| 39 | rocky | rocky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 height | amod |
| 40 | height | height | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 crested | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cross | past | populace | the bridge of the Tagus | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bridge=Patient | ||||
| 2 | look back | past | populace | with a dark brow upon Toledo | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | raise | past | populace's mailed hand | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme | |||||
| 4 | participle | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||||
| 5 | shake | past | bridge | the royal palace of King Roderick | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent it=Theme at palace=Trajectory | ||||
| 6 | crest | past | King Roderick | the rocky height | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location height=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/9/42/