Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter VIII., sentence 45
In his journeyings through the country, he looked round him with a malignant eye; the pipe of the shepherd, and the song of the husbandman, were as discord to his soul; every sight and sound of human happiness sickened him at heart, and, in the bitterness of his spirit, he prayed that he might see the whole scene of prosperity laid waste with fire and sword by the invader.
Who acts: desolation, sight, husbandman · What happens: look, be, sicken, pray, see, lay · To what, where: pipe, desolation, heart, whole scene, country
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter VIII.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (desolation, sight, husbandman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 journeyings | case |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 journeyings | nmod:poss |
| 3 | journeyings | journeying | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 looked | obl |
| 4 | through | through | ADP | _ | 6 country | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 country | det |
| 6 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 journeyings | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 journeyings | punct |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 looked | nsubj |
| 9 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | round | round | ADP | _ | 11 him | case |
| 11 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 looked | obl |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 eye | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 eye | det |
| 14 | malignant | malignant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 eye | amod |
| 15 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 looked | obl |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 pipe | punct |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 pipe | det |
| 18 | pipe | pipe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 looked | obl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 shepherd | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 shepherd | det |
| 21 | shepherd | shepherd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 pipe | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 song | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 song | cc |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 song | det |
| 25 | song | song | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 pipe | conj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 husbandman | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 husbandman | det |
| 28 | husbandman | husbandman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 song | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 were | punct |
| 30 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 looked | conj |
| 31 | as | as | ADP | _ | 32 discord | case |
| 32 | discord | discord | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 were | obl |
| 33 | to | to | ADP | _ | 35 soul | case |
| 34 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 soul | nmod:poss |
| 35 | soul | soul | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 discord | nmod |
| 36 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 44 sickened | punct |
| 37 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 38 sight | det |
| 38 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 sickened | nsubj |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 sound | cc |
| 40 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 sight | conj |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 happiness | case |
| 42 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 happiness | amod |
| 43 | happiness | happiness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 sound | nmod |
| 44 | sickened | sicken | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 looked | parataxis |
| 45 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 sickened | obj |
| 46 | at | at | ADP | _ | 47 heart | case |
| 47 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 sickened | obl |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 bitterness | punct |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 53 bitterness | cc |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 bitterness | punct |
| 51 | in | in | ADP | _ | 53 bitterness | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 bitterness | det |
| 53 | bitterness | bitterness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 sickened | obl |
| 54 | of | of | ADP | _ | 56 spirit | case |
| 55 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 56 spirit | nmod:poss |
| 56 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 bitterness | nmod |
| 57 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 59 prayed | punct |
| 58 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 59 prayed | nsubj |
| 59 | prayed | pray | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 sickened | conj |
| 60 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 63 see | mark |
| 61 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 63 see | nsubj |
| 62 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 63 see | aux |
| 63 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 59 prayed | ccomp |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 66 scene | det |
| 65 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 66 scene | amod |
| 66 | scene | scene | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 see | obj |
| 67 | of | of | ADP | _ | 68 prosperity | case |
| 68 | prosperity | prosperity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 scene | nmod |
| 69 | laid | lay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 70 waste | amod |
| 70 | waste | waste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 scene | appos |
| 71 | with | with | ADP | _ | 72 fire | case |
| 72 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 70 waste | nmod |
| 73 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 74 sword | cc |
| 74 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 72 fire | conj |
| 75 | by | by | ADP | _ | 77 invader | case |
| 76 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 77 invader | det |
| 77 | invader | invader | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 see | obl |
| 78 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | past | desolation | the pipe of the shepherd and the song of the husbandman | round populace; with a malignant eye; in desolation's journeyings through the country | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in journeying=Theme | |||
| 2 | be | past | desolation not said here | as discord to desolation's soul | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | sicken | past | every sight and sound of human happiness | desolation | heart | in the bitterness of desolation's spirit | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer | ||
| 4 | pray | past | desolation | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | see | might | desolation | the whole scene of prosperity | by the invader | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer scene=Stimulus | |||
| 6 | lay | participle | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 7 | journey | desolation | the country | nom journeying «act transitive»: poss=agent through=place | |||||
| 8 | sing | the husbandman | nom song «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/9/45/