Winning Buddha's smile, Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 2, sentence 119
He regretted having given a promise which he could never hope to keep.
Who acts: man · What happens: regret, have, give, not hope, keep · To what, where: promise
This is a sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 regretted | nsubj |
| 2 | regretted | regret | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | having | have | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 regretted | csubj |
| 4 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 promise | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 promise | det |
| 6 | promise | promise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 having | obl |
| 7 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 hope | obj |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 hope | nsubj |
| 9 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 hope | aux |
| 10 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 11 hope | advmod |
| 11 | hope | hope | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 promise | acl |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 keep | mark |
| 13 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 hope | xcomp |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 regretted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | regret | past | man | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | have | gerund | give a promise | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | give | participle | vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 4 | not hope | could | man | a promise | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | keep not said to happen | to-infinitive | man not said here | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Winning Buddha's smile», Project Gutenberg book 78208 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78208/4/119/