The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 10, sentence 11
The high-heaped seas Vanquished by frost, beneath her iron spell Abased their haughty crests by slow degrees: The swans were frozen upon that ice-plain frore; Yet still Finola sang, as oft before,
Who acts: iron spell, Finola, calamity · What happens: heap, vanquish, abase, freeze, sing, spell · To what, where: heaped seas, haughty crests
This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (iron spell, Finola, calamity), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 seas | det |
| 2 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 heaped | compound |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 high | punct |
| 4 | heaped | heap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 seas | amod |
| 5 | seas | sea | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 frozen | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | Vanquished | vanquish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 seas | acl |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 frost | case |
| 8 | frost | frost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Vanquished | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 spell | punct |
| 10 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 13 spell | case |
| 11 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 spell | nmod:poss |
| 12 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 spell | compound |
| 13 | spell | spell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Vanquished | obl |
| 14 | Abased | abase | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 spell | acl |
| 15 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 crests | nmod:poss |
| 16 | haughty | haughty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 crests | amod |
| 17 | crests | crest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 Abased | obj |
| 18 | by | by | ADP | _ | 20 degrees | case |
| 19 | slow | slow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 degrees | amod |
| 20 | degrees | degree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 Abased | obl |
| 21 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 25 frozen | punct |
| 22 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 swans | det |
| 23 | swans | swan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 frozen | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 frozen | aux:pass |
| 25 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 26 | upon | upon | SCONJ | _ | 31 frore | mark |
| 27 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 31 frore | nsubj |
| 28 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 plain | compound |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 28 ice | punct |
| 30 | plain | plain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 frore | amod |
| 31 | frore | frore | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 frozen | advcl |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 sang | punct |
| 33 | Yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 36 sang | cc |
| 34 | still | still | ADV | _ | 36 sang | advmod |
| 35 | Finola | Finola | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 sang | nsubj |
| 36 | sang | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 frozen | conj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 oft | punct |
| 38 | as | as | ADP | _ | 39 oft | case |
| 39 | oft | oft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 sang | xcomp |
| 40 | before | before | ADV | _ | 39 oft | advmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 frozen | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | heap | participle | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | vanquish | participle | the heaped seas not said here | by frost; beneath calamity's iron spell | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | abase | participle | calamity's iron spell not said here | seas's haughty crests | by slow degrees | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent crest=Patient | |||
| 4 | freeze | past · passive | the heaped seas | the swans nsubj:pass | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result | ||||
| 5 | sing speech: express | past | Finola | still | oft property | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location | |||
| 6 | spell | calamity | nom spell «state transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78491/10/11/