The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 12, sentence 15
Heard ye never How when King Conor’s sin, that forfeit pledge Plighted with Usnach’s sons, had left the Accursed Crownless, and Eman’s bulwarks in the dust, Her elders on Cuchullain worked, what time He came my work of vengeance to complete?
Who acts: bulwarks, CUCHULLAIN, vengeance · What happens: hear, plight, not leave, accurs, work, come · To what, where: ye, forfeit pledge, sin, work
This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bulwarks, CUCHULLAIN, vengeance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 2 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 1 Heard | obj |
| 3 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 21 left | advmod |
| 4 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 21 left | advmod |
| 5 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 21 left | mark |
| 6 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 sin | nmod:poss |
| 7 | Conor | Conor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 King | flat |
| 8 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 6 King | case |
| 9 | sin | sin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 left | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 pledge | punct |
| 11 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 13 pledge | det |
| 12 | forfeit | forfeit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 pledge | compound |
| 13 | pledge | pledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 sin | appos |
| 14 | Plighted | plight | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 pledge | acl |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 sons | case |
| 16 | Usnach | Usnach | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 sons | nmod:poss |
| 17 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 16 Usnach | case |
| 18 | sons | son | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 Plighted | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 sin | punct |
| 20 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 left | aux |
| 21 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Heard | ccomp |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Crownless | det |
| 23 | Accursed | accurs | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 Crownless | amod |
| 24 | Crownless | Crownless | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 left | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 worked | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 worked | cc |
| 27 | Eman | Eman | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 bulwarks | nmod:poss |
| 28 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 27 Eman | case |
| 29 | bulwarks | bulwark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 worked | nsubj |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 dust | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 dust | det |
| 32 | dust | dust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 bulwarks | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 elders | punct |
| 34 | Her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 elders | nmod:poss |
| 35 | elders | elder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 bulwarks | conj |
| 36 | on | on | ADP | _ | 37 Cuchullain | case |
| 37 | Cuchullain | Cuchullain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 elders | nmod |
| 38 | worked | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Heard | conj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 came | punct |
| 40 | what | what | DET | PronType=Int | 41 time | det |
| 41 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 came | obl:unmarked |
| 42 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 came | nsubj |
| 43 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 worked | parataxis |
| 44 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 work | nmod:poss |
| 45 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 came | obj |
| 46 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 vengeance | case |
| 47 | vengeance | vengeance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 work | nmod |
| 48 | to | to | PART | _ | 49 complete | mark |
| 49 | complete | complete | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 43 came | advcl |
| 50 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | participle | ye | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | plight | participle | that forfeit pledge not said here | with Usnach's sons | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | not leave | past · perfect · passive | King's sin | the Accursed Crownless obj | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme crownless=Attribute | ||||
| 4 | accurs | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | work | past | Eman's bulwarks in the dust and Eman's elders on Cuchullain | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | come | past | CUCHULLAIN | my work of vengeance | time | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location work=Theme | |||
| 7 | complete | to-infinitive | CUCHULLAIN not said here | vn complete-55.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | work | vengeance | nom work «act intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78491/12/15/