The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 14, sentence 33
Beauteous as the dawn Next morn two shepherd boys seeking a lamb Came on the sick man in his forest nook; Long time they gazed on him compassionate; With voice benign and tendance angel-like Onward into his confidence they crept; His lips with milk, the purest, they refreshed; They placed the dewy wood flowers in his hand; They sang him ballads old, not battle-songs, Too loud such songs they deemed, but Fairy lore, Or tale of lovers fleeing tyrant’s rage: Among the last unwittingly they sang ‘Cuchullain’s Wooing;’ how the youth had found Eimer, the loveliest lady of the land Within her bowery pleasaunce, girt with maids Harping, or broidering fair in scarf deep-dyed Blossom or insect: how he sued; and how She answered; ‘Woo my sister: woo not me!’
Who acts: Next morn shepherd boys, men, ballads, lovers, maids, Leagh · What happens: seek, gaze, creep, refresh, place, sing · To what, where: lamb Came, confidence, dewy wood flowers, hand, Leagh, loud such songs · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Next morn shepherd boys, men, ballads, lovers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Beauteous | beauteous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 2 | as | as | ADP | _ | 4 dawn | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 dawn | det |
| 4 | dawn | dawn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Beauteous | obl |
| 5 | Next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 boys | amod |
| 6 | morn | morn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 boys | compound |
| 7 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 morn | flat |
| 8 | shepherd | shepherd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 boys | compound |
| 9 | boys | boy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 dawn | nmod |
| 10 | seeking | seek | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 boys | acl |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 Came | det |
| 12 | lamb | lamb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 Came | compound |
| 13 | Came | came | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 seeking | obj |
| 14 | on | on | ADP | _ | 17 man | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 man | det |
| 16 | sick | sick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 man | amod |
| 17 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 seeking | obl |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 nook | case |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 nook | nmod:poss |
| 20 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 nook | compound |
| 21 | nook | nook | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 man | nmod |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 gazed | punct |
| 23 | Long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 time | amod |
| 24 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 gazed | obl:unmarked |
| 25 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 gazed | nsubj |
| 26 | gazed | gaze | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 boys | parataxis |
| 27 | on | on | ADP | _ | 28 him | case |
| 28 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 gazed | obl |
| 29 | compassionate | compassionate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 gazed | xcomp |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 benign | punct |
| 31 | With | with | ADP | _ | 32 voice | case |
| 32 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 benign | obl |
| 33 | benign | benign | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 gazed | conj |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 angel | cc |
| 35 | tendance | tendance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 angel | compound |
| 36 | angel | angel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 benign | conj |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 38 like | punct |
| 38 | like | like | INTJ | _ | 36 angel | discourse |
| 39 | Onward | onward | ADV | _ | 38 like | advmod |
| 40 | into | into | ADP | _ | 42 confidence | case |
| 41 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 confidence | nmod:poss |
| 42 | confidence | confidence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 Onward | obl |
| 43 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 crept | nsubj |
| 44 | crept | creep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 confidence | acl:relcl |
| 45 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 47 lips | punct |
| 46 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 lips | nmod:poss |
| 47 | lips | lip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 benign | parataxis |
| 48 | with | with | ADP | _ | 49 milk | case |
| 49 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 lips | nmod |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 purest | punct |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 purest | det |
| 52 | purest | pure | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 47 lips | parataxis |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 refreshed | punct |
| 54 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 55 refreshed | nsubj |
| 55 | refreshed | refresh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 52 purest | conj |
| 56 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 58 placed | punct |
| 57 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 58 placed | nsubj |
| 58 | placed | place | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 gazed | conj |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 flowers | det |
| 60 | dewy | dewy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 flowers | amod |
| 61 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 flowers | compound |
| 62 | flowers | flower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 58 placed | obj |
| 63 | in | in | ADP | _ | 65 hand | case |
| 64 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 65 hand | nmod:poss |
| 65 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 placed | obl |
| 66 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 68 sang | punct |
| 67 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 68 sang | nsubj |
| 68 | sang | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 gazed | conj |
| 69 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 68 sang | obj |
| 70 | ballads | ballad | NOUN | Number=Plur | 71 old | nsubj |
| 71 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 68 sang | ccomp |
| 72 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 76 songs | punct |
| 73 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 76 songs | advmod |
| 74 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 76 songs | compound |
| 75 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 74 battle | punct |
| 76 | songs | song | NOUN | Number=Plur | 68 sang | obl |
| 77 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 81 songs | punct |
| 78 | Too | too | ADV | _ | 79 loud | advmod |
| 79 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 81 songs | amod |
| 80 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 81 songs | amod |
| 81 | songs | song | NOUN | Number=Plur | 76 songs | conj |
| 82 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 83 deemed | nsubj |
| 83 | deemed | deem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 81 songs | acl:relcl |
| 84 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 87 lore | punct |
| 85 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 87 lore | cc |
| 86 | Fairy | fairy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 87 lore | amod |
| 87 | lore | lore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 76 songs | conj |
| 88 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 90 tale | punct |
| 89 | Or | or | CCONJ | _ | 90 tale | cc |
| 90 | tale | tale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 87 lore | appos |
| 91 | of | of | ADP | _ | 92 lovers | case |
| 92 | lovers | lover | NOUN | Number=Plur | 90 tale | nmod |
| 93 | fleeing | flee | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 92 lovers | acl |
| 94 | tyrant | tyrant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 96 rage | nmod:poss |
| 95 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 94 tyrant | case |
| 96 | rage | rage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 93 fleeing | obj |
| 97 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 100 last | punct |
| 98 | Among | among | ADP | _ | 100 last | case |
| 99 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 100 last | det |
| 100 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 76 songs | conj |
| 101 | unwittingly | unwittingly | ADV | _ | 103 sang | advmod |
| 102 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 103 sang | nsubj |
| 103 | sang | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 100 last | advcl |
| 104 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 106 ’s | punct |
| 105 | Cuchullain | Cuchullain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 106 ’s | nsubj |
| 106 | ’s | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 103 sang | conj |
| 107 | Wooing | woo | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 106 ’s | xcomp |
| 108 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 1 Beauteous | punct |
| 109 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 114 found | punct |
| 110 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 114 found | advmod |
| 111 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 112 youth | det |
| 112 | youth | youth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 114 found | nsubj:pass |
| 113 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 114 found | aux |
| 114 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Beauteous | parataxis |
| 115 | Eimer | Eimer | PROPN | Number=Sing | 114 found | obj |
| 116 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 119 lady | punct |
| 117 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 119 lady | det |
| 118 | loveliest | lovely | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 119 lady | amod |
| 119 | lady | lady | NOUN | Number=Sing | 115 Eimer | appos |
| 120 | of | of | ADP | _ | 122 land | case |
| 121 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 122 land | det |
| 122 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 119 lady | nmod |
| 123 | Within | within | ADP | _ | 126 pleasaunce | case |
| 124 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 126 pleasaunce | nmod:poss |
| 125 | bowery | bowery | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 126 pleasaunce | amod |
| 126 | pleasaunce | pleasaunce | NOUN | Number=Sing | 114 found | obl |
| 127 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 128 girt | punct |
| 128 | girt | girt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 114 found | ccomp |
| 129 | with | with | ADP | _ | 130 maids | case |
| 130 | maids | maid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 128 girt | obl |
| 131 | Harping | harp | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 130 maids | acl |
| 132 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 134 broidering | punct |
| 133 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 134 broidering | cc |
| 134 | broidering | broider | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 131 Harping | conj |
| 135 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 134 broidering | xcomp |
| 136 | in | in | ADP | _ | 137 scarf | case |
| 137 | scarf | scarf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 134 broidering | obl |
| 138 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 141 Blossom | amod |
| 139 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 138 deep | punct |
| 140 | dyed | dye | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 141 Blossom | amod |
| 141 | Blossom | blossom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 137 scarf | appos |
| 142 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 143 insect | cc |
| 143 | insect | insect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 141 Blossom | conj |
| 144 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 147 sued | punct |
| 145 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 147 sued | advmod |
| 146 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 147 sued | nsubj |
| 147 | sued | sue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 131 Harping | conj |
| 148 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 152 answered | punct |
| 149 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 152 answered | cc |
| 150 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 152 answered | advmod |
| 151 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 152 answered | nsubj |
| 152 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Beauteous | parataxis |
| 153 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 155 Woo | punct |
| 154 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 155 Woo | punct |
| 155 | Woo | woo | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 152 answered | ccomp |
| 156 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 157 sister | nmod:poss |
| 157 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 155 Woo | obj |
| 158 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 159 woo | punct |
| 159 | woo | woo | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 155 Woo | conj |
| 160 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 159 woo | advmod |
| 161 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 159 woo | obl |
| 162 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 155 Woo | punct |
| 163 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 155 Woo | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | seek | gerund | Next morn shepherd boys not said here | a lamb Came | on the sick man in Leagh's forest nook | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent came=Theme on man=Location | |||
| 2 | gaze | past | men = man | time | on Leagh; compassionate property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on he=Theme | |||
| 3 | creep | past | men = man | Leagh's confidence not said here | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location confidence=Theme | ||||
| 4 | refresh | past | men = man | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | place | past | men = man | the dewy wood flowers | Leagh's hand | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent flower=Theme in hand=Destination | |||
| 6 | sing speech: express | past | men = man | Leagh | battle songs and loud such songs but Fairy lore obl | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location he=Theme | |||
| 7 | deem | past | ballads = ballad | loud such songs not said here | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent song=Attribute | ||||
| 8 | flee | gerund | lovers not said here | tyrant's rage | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme rage=Initial_Location | ||||
| 9 | sing speech: express | past | ballads = ballad | unwittingly property | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 10 | woo | gerund | ballads = ballad not said here | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 11 | find | past · perfect · passive | the youth | within Eimer's bowery pleasaunce; Eimer obj | tree rules | ||||
| 12 | girt | infinitive | with maids | tree rules | |||||
| 13 | harp | gerund | maids not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 14 | broider | gerund | maids not said here | scarf | fair property | tree rules | |||
| 15 | dye | participle | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 16 | sue | past | Leagh | tree rules | |||||
| 17 | answer speech: assert | past | Eimer | tree rules | |||||
| 18 | woo | infinitive | my sister | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sister=Patient | |||||
| 19 | not woo | infinitive | me | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 21 | confide | Leagh | nom confidence «cognition transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 22 | tell | lovers | nom tale «communication intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 23 | rage | tyrant | nom rage «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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