Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 10, sentence 25
Then picking up another It turned to a paddle; next A long and narrow piece Which he split away from a rock Was changed to a fishing spear; And then Kulóskap asked “Who shall sit in the stern And paddle; and who shall take The spear?”
Who acts: beach, long piece, Kulóskap · What happens: pick up, turn, split away, change, ask, sit · To what, where: another, long piece, rock, stern, spear · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (beach, long piece, Kulóskap), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 2 picking | advmod |
| 2 | picking | pick | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 turned | advcl |
| 3 | up | up | ADP | _ | 2 picking | compound:prt |
| 4 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 picking | obj |
| 5 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 turned | nsubj |
| 6 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 paddle | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 paddle | det |
| 9 | paddle | paddle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 turned | obl |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 piece | punct |
| 11 | next | next | ADV | _ | 16 piece | advmod |
| 12 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 piece | det |
| 13 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 piece | amod |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 narrow | cc |
| 15 | narrow | narrow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 long | conj |
| 16 | piece | piece | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 turned | xcomp |
| 17 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 split | nsubj |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 split | nsubj |
| 19 | split | split | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 piece | acl:relcl |
| 20 | away | away | ADV | _ | 19 split | advmod |
| 21 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 25 changed | mark |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 rock | det |
| 23 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 changed | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | Was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 changed | aux:pass |
| 25 | changed | change | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 split | advcl |
| 26 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 spear | case |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 spear | det |
| 28 | fishing | fishing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 spear | compound |
| 29 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 changed | obl |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 asked | punct |
| 31 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 asked | cc |
| 32 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 34 asked | advmod |
| 33 | Kulóskap | Kulóskap | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 asked | nsubj |
| 34 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 turned | conj |
| 35 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 38 sit | punct |
| 36 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 38 sit | nsubj |
| 37 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 sit | aux |
| 38 | sit | sit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 asked | xcomp |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 stern | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 stern | det |
| 41 | stern | stern | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 sit | obl |
| 42 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 paddle | cc |
| 43 | paddle | paddle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 stern | conj |
| 44 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 48 take | punct |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 take | cc |
| 46 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 48 take | nsubj |
| 47 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 48 take | aux |
| 48 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 turned | parataxis |
| 49 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 spear | det |
| 50 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 take | obj |
| 51 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 48 take | punct |
| 52 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 48 take | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pick up | gerund | beach not said here | another | then | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent another=Topic | |||
| 2 | turn | past | beach | a long piece | to a paddle | tree rules | |||
| 3 | split away | past | a long piece | Kitpûsâgunâû nsubj; away property | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | change | past · passive | a rock | to a fishing spear | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 5 | ask speech: ask | past | Kulóskap | then | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 6 | sit not said to happen, in a quote | shall | the stern and paddle | Who nsubj | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in stern=Location | ||||
| 7 | take in a quote | shall | the spear | who nsubj | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spear=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/10/25/