Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 10, sentence 29
But he who held the spear Sent it down into the waves As if ’twere a thunderbolt; And as the handle rose He snatched it up, and so The mighty fish was caught; And as Kitpûsâgunâû Whirled it on high, the whale Loud roaring touched the clouds; Then taking it from the spear He tossed it into the barque As if it had been a trout.
Who acts: monster, spear, handle, Kitpûsâgunâû, whale Loud roaring, fish · What happens: hold, send down, rise, snatch up, catch, whirl · To what, where: sea, waves, mighty fish, fish, high, clouds
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (monster, spear, handle, Kitpûsâgunâû), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 4 held | cc |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 held | nsubj |
| 3 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 held | nsubj |
| 4 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 Sent | advcl |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 spear | det |
| 6 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 Sent | nsubj |
| 7 | Sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 Sent | obj |
| 9 | down | down | ADP | _ | 7 Sent | compound:prt |
| 10 | into | into | ADP | _ | 12 waves | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 waves | det |
| 12 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 Sent | obl |
| 13 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 18 thunderbolt | mark |
| 14 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 18 thunderbolt | mark |
| 15 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 18 thunderbolt | punct |
| 16 | twere | twere | ADV | _ | 18 thunderbolt | advmod |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 thunderbolt | det |
| 18 | thunderbolt | thunderbolt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 Sent | advcl |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 rose | punct |
| 20 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 rose | cc |
| 21 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 24 rose | mark |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 handle | det |
| 23 | handle | handle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 rose | nsubj |
| 24 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 Sent | conj |
| 25 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 snatched | nsubj |
| 26 | snatched | snatch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 rose | conj |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 snatched | obj |
| 28 | up | up | ADP | _ | 26 snatched | compound:prt |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 caught | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 caught | cc |
| 31 | so | so | ADV | _ | 36 caught | advmod |
| 32 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 fish | det |
| 33 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 fish | amod |
| 34 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 caught | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 caught | aux:pass |
| 36 | caught | catch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 rose | conj |
| 37 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 41 Whirled | punct |
| 38 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 Whirled | cc |
| 39 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 41 Whirled | mark |
| 40 | Kitpûsâgunâû | Kitpûsâgunâû | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 Whirled | nsubj |
| 41 | Whirled | whirl | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 rose | conj |
| 42 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 Whirled | obj |
| 43 | on | on | ADP | _ | 44 high | case |
| 44 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 Whirled | obl |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 touched | punct |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 roaring | det |
| 47 | whale | whale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 roaring | compound |
| 48 | Loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 roaring | amod |
| 49 | roaring | roaring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 touched | nsubj |
| 50 | touched | touch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 Whirled | parataxis |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 clouds | det |
| 52 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 touched | obj |
| 53 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 55 taking | punct |
| 54 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 55 taking | advmod |
| 55 | taking | take | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 Sent | advcl |
| 56 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 55 taking | obj |
| 57 | from | from | ADP | _ | 59 spear | case |
| 58 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 spear | det |
| 59 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 taking | obl |
| 60 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 61 tossed | nsubj |
| 61 | tossed | toss | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 59 spear | acl:relcl |
| 62 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 61 tossed | obj |
| 63 | into | into | ADP | _ | 65 barque | case |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 65 barque | det |
| 65 | barque | barque | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 taking | obl |
| 66 | As | as | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 72 trout | case |
| 67 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 66 As | fixed |
| 68 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 72 trout | nsubj |
| 69 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 72 trout | aux |
| 70 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 72 trout | cop |
| 71 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 72 trout | det |
| 72 | trout | trout | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 taking | obl |
| 73 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 Sent | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | past | monster | who nsubj | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | send down | past | the spear | sea | the waves | a thunderbolt advcl | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||
| 3 | rise | past | the handle | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | snatch up | past | monster | sea | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 5 | catch | past · passive | the mighty fish | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 6 | whirl | past | Kitpûsâgunâû | fish | high | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme | |||
| 7 | touch | past | the whale Loud roaring | the clouds | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cloud=Co-Theme | ||||
| 8 | take | gerund | the spear not said here | fish | the spear | then | into the barque | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme into barque=Destination | |
| 9 | toss | past | monster | fish | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | ||||
| 10 | is | past · perfect | fish | as a trout | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/10/29/