Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 11, sentence 22
And it was terrible when the wind howled Over the waves which madly rose and fell Like great white wolves a-jumping while they run; And the red lightnings flashed, while the great sea Grew dark as if to show their fire the more.
Who acts: defiance, wind, great white wolves, wolves, great sea · What happens: be, howl, rise, fall, jump, run · To what, where: waves, red lightnings, fire
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (defiance, wind, great white wolves, wolves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 terrible | cc |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 terrible | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 terrible | cop |
| 4 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 8 howled | advmod |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 wind | det |
| 7 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 howled | nsubj |
| 8 | howled | howl | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 terrible | advcl |
| 9 | Over | over | ADP | _ | 11 waves | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 waves | det |
| 11 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 howled | obl |
| 12 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 rose | obj |
| 13 | madly | madly | ADV | _ | 14 rose | advmod |
| 14 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 waves | acl:relcl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 fell | cc |
| 16 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 rose | conj |
| 17 | Like | like | ADP | _ | 20 wolves | case |
| 18 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 wolves | amod |
| 19 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 wolves | amod |
| 20 | wolves | wolf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 fell | obl |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 jumping | det |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 a | punct |
| 23 | jumping | jump | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 wolves | acl |
| 24 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 26 run | mark |
| 25 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 run | nsubj |
| 26 | run | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 jumping | advcl |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 lightnings | punct |
| 28 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 lightnings | cc |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 lightnings | det |
| 30 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 lightnings | amod |
| 31 | lightnings | lightning | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 terrible | obl |
| 32 | flashed | flash | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 lightnings | acl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 Grew | punct |
| 34 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 38 Grew | mark |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 sea | det |
| 36 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 sea | amod |
| 37 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 Grew | nsubj |
| 38 | Grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 flashed | conj |
| 39 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 Grew | xcomp |
| 40 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 43 show | mark |
| 41 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 43 show | mark |
| 42 | to | to | PART | _ | 43 show | mark |
| 43 | show | show | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 Grew | advcl |
| 44 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 fire | nmod:poss |
| 45 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 show | obj |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 more | det |
| 47 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 43 show | advmod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 terrible | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | defiance | the red lightnings obl; terrible property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | howl | past | the wind | the waves | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over wave=Location | ||||
| 3 | rise | past | the waves | madly property | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location which=Theme | ||||
| 4 | fall | past | like great white wolves | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | jump | gerund | great white wolves not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | run | present | wolves = wolf | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | flash | participle | the red lightnings not said here | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 8 | grow | past | the great sea | dark property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 9 | show | to-infinitive | the great sea not said here | wolves's fire | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent fire=Recipient | ||||
| 10 | fire | wolves = wolf | nom fire «event transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/11/22/