Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 11, sentence 72
He stepped Up to a tree by the river, And broke off a hole or knot And it turned to a living skull, But one which was ten times greater, And ten times more terrible Than that which the sorcerers used.
Who acts: land, knot, one, sorcerers · What happens: step up, break off, turn, be, use · To what, where: tree, hole, living skull
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (land, knot, one, sorcerers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 stepped | nsubj |
| 2 | stepped | step | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | Up | up | ADP | _ | 2 stepped | compound:prt |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 tree | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 tree | det |
| 6 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 stepped | obl |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 river | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 river | det |
| 9 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 stepped | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 broke | punct |
| 11 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 broke | cc |
| 12 | broke | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 stepped | parataxis |
| 13 | off | off | ADP | _ | 12 broke | compound:prt |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 hole | det |
| 15 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 broke | obj |
| 16 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 17 knot | cc |
| 17 | knot | knot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 hole | conj |
| 18 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 turned | cc |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 turned | nsubj |
| 20 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 broke | conj |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 skull | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 skull | det |
| 23 | living | living | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 skull | compound |
| 24 | skull | skull | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 turned | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 greater | punct |
| 26 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 32 greater | cc |
| 27 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 greater | nsubj |
| 28 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 greater | nsubj |
| 29 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 greater | cop |
| 30 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 31 times | nummod |
| 31 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 greater | obl:unmarked |
| 32 | greater | great | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 2 stepped | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 terrible | punct |
| 34 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 terrible | cc |
| 35 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 36 times | nummod |
| 36 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 more | obl:unmarked |
| 37 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 38 terrible | advmod |
| 38 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 stepped | conj |
| 39 | Than | than | ADP | _ | 40 that | case |
| 40 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 38 terrible | obl |
| 41 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 44 used | obj |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 sorcerers | det |
| 43 | sorcerers | sorcerer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 used | nsubj |
| 44 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 terrible | conj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 stepped | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | step up | past | land | a tree | by the river | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to tree=Destination | |||
| 2 | break off | past | a hole or knot | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hole=Patient | |||||
| 3 | turn | past | knot | a living skull | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to skull=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | is | past | one | time | which nsubj; great property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | use | past | the sorcerers | which obj | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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