Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 13, sentence 27
In the long time ago, When people ever lived In the red morning light Or ever the day of man had come; Before the sun had risen And ere the Eastern land Was peopled as to-day, Kulóskap, the great lord, Went far into the North Where all was snow and ice.
Who acts: people, sun · What happens: live, come, rise, ere, people, go · To what, where: red morning light, day, Eastern land, snow
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 time | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 time | det |
| 3 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 time | amod |
| 4 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 Went | obl |
| 5 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 4 time | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 time | punct |
| 7 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 10 lived | advmod |
| 8 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 lived | nsubj |
| 9 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 10 lived | advmod |
| 10 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 48 Went | parataxis |
| 11 | In | in | ADP | _ | 15 light | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 light | det |
| 13 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 light | amod |
| 14 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 light | compound |
| 15 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 lived | obl |
| 16 | Or | or | CCONJ | _ | 19 day | cc |
| 17 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 19 day | advmod |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 day | det |
| 19 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 light | conj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 man | case |
| 21 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 come | obl |
| 22 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 come | aux |
| 23 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 day | acl:relcl |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 risen | punct |
| 25 | Before | before | SCONJ | _ | 29 risen | mark |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 sun | det |
| 27 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 risen | nsubj |
| 28 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 risen | aux |
| 29 | risen | rise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 lived | parataxis |
| 30 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 ere | cc |
| 31 | ere | ere | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 risen | conj |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 land | det |
| 33 | Eastern | eastern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 land | amod |
| 34 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 peopled | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | Was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 peopled | aux:pass |
| 36 | peopled | people | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 ere | ccomp |
| 37 | as | as | ADP | _ | 40 day | case |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 day | case |
| 39 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 38 to | punct |
| 40 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 peopled | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 Kulóskap | punct |
| 42 | Kulóskap | Kulóskap | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 day | appos |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 lord | punct |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 lord | det |
| 45 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 lord | amod |
| 46 | lord | lord | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 Kulóskap | appos |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 Went | punct |
| 48 | Went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 49 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 48 Went | advmod |
| 50 | into | into | ADP | _ | 53 Where | case |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 Where | det |
| 52 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 53 Where | compound |
| 53 | Where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 49 far | obl |
| 54 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 56 snow | det |
| 55 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 56 snow | cop |
| 56 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 Where | nsubj |
| 57 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 ice | cc |
| 58 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 snow | conj |
| 59 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 48 Went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | past | people | the red morning light or the day | ever | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in light=Location | |||
| 2 | come | past · perfect | the day not said here | of man | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme of man=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | rise | past · perfect | the sun | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | ere | past | the sun not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | people | past · passive | the Eastern land | day | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | go | past | time | far property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | is a | past | all snow and ice | ice conj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/13/27/