Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 13, sentence 58
The ice-hearted Kiwakʿw Wandered no longer free In the green wilderness, And the mighty bird Kullû, Great as a hundred eagles, No longer scared the Indian As it spread its mighty wings Like a cloud ’twixt earth and the sun. Evil beasts, devils and serpents Were found no more in the land, And the world at last knew peace; For the Master had taught to man All that should make him happy; But all were in turn ungrateful, And, while they feared the Master, Grew every day more wicked, Forgetting him in their hearts; And sin roared in the land.
Who acts: hearted Kiwakʿw, Kiwakʿw, Evil beasts, world, that, beasts · What happens: wander, scare, spread, find, know, teach · To what, where: bird Kullû, green wilderness, Indian, mighty wings, more, peace
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hearted Kiwakʿw, Kiwakʿw, Evil beasts, world), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 Kiwakʿw | det |
| 2 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hearted | compound |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 ice | punct |
| 4 | hearted | hearted | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 Kiwakʿw | amod |
| 5 | Kiwakʿw | Kiwakʿw | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Wandered | nsubj |
| 6 | Wandered | wander | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | no | no | ADV | _ | 8 longer | advmod |
| 8 | longer | long | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 9 free | advmod |
| 9 | free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 Wandered | xcomp |
| 10 | In | in | ADP | _ | 13 wilderness | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 wilderness | det |
| 12 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 wilderness | amod |
| 13 | wilderness | wilderness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Wandered | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 Kullû | punct |
| 15 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 Kullû | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 bird | det |
| 17 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 bird | amod |
| 18 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 Kullû | compound |
| 19 | Kullû | Kullû | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Wandered | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 Great | punct |
| 21 | Great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 Kullû | amod |
| 22 | as | as | ADP | _ | 25 eagles | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 hundred | det |
| 24 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 25 eagles | nummod |
| 25 | eagles | eagle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 Great | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 scared | punct |
| 27 | No | no | ADV | _ | 28 longer | advmod |
| 28 | longer | long | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 29 scared | advmod |
| 29 | scared | scare | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 Wandered | conj |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Indian | det |
| 31 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 scared | obj |
| 32 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 34 spread | mark |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 spread | nsubj |
| 34 | spread | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 scared | advcl |
| 35 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 wings | nmod:poss |
| 36 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 wings | amod |
| 37 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 spread | obj |
| 38 | Like | like | ADP | _ | 43 earth | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 cloud | det |
| 40 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 earth | nmod:poss |
| 41 | ’ | 's | PART | _ | 40 cloud | case |
| 42 | twixt | twixt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 earth | compound |
| 43 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 spread | obl |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 beasts | cc |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 beasts | det |
| 46 | sun. | sun. | PUNCT | _ | 48 beasts | punct |
| 47 | Evil | evil | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 beasts | amod |
| 48 | beasts | beast | NOUN | Number=Plur | 54 found | nsubj |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 devils | punct |
| 50 | devils | devil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 beasts | conj |
| 51 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 52 serpents | cc |
| 52 | serpents | serpent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 beasts | conj |
| 53 | Were | were | ADV | _ | 54 found | advmod |
| 54 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 43 earth | acl:relcl |
| 55 | no | no | ADV | _ | 56 more | advmod |
| 56 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 54 found | obj |
| 57 | in | in | ADP | _ | 59 land | case |
| 58 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 land | det |
| 59 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 more | obl |
| 60 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 66 knew | punct |
| 61 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 66 knew | cc |
| 62 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 63 world | det |
| 63 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 knew | nsubj |
| 64 | at | at | ADP | _ | 65 last | case |
| 65 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 63 world | nmod |
| 66 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 Wandered | parataxis |
| 67 | peace | peace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 knew | obj |
| 68 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 73 taught | punct |
| 69 | For | for | SCONJ | _ | 73 taught | mark |
| 70 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 71 Master | det |
| 71 | Master | Master | PROPN | Number=Sing | 73 taught | nsubj:pass |
| 72 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 73 taught | aux |
| 73 | taught | teach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 66 knew | parataxis |
| 74 | to | to | ADP | _ | 75 man | case |
| 75 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 73 taught | obl |
| 76 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 79 make | det:predet |
| 77 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 79 make | nsubj |
| 78 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 79 make | aux |
| 79 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 73 taught | parataxis |
| 80 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 79 make | obj |
| 81 | happy | happy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 79 make | xcomp |
| 82 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 88 ungrateful | punct |
| 83 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 88 ungrateful | cc |
| 84 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 87 turn | det |
| 85 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 87 turn | cop |
| 86 | in | in | ADP | _ | 87 turn | case |
| 87 | turn | turn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 88 ungrateful | obl:unmarked |
| 88 | ungrateful | ungrateful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 Wandered | conj |
| 89 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 94 feared | punct |
| 90 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 94 feared | cc |
| 91 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 90 And | punct |
| 92 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 94 feared | mark |
| 93 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 94 feared | nsubj |
| 94 | feared | fear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 Wandered | conj |
| 95 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 96 Master | det |
| 96 | Master | Master | PROPN | Number=Sing | 94 feared | obj |
| 97 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 98 Grew | punct |
| 98 | Grew | Grew | PROPN | Number=Sing | 96 Master | conj |
| 99 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 100 day | det |
| 100 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 94 feared | obl:unmarked |
| 101 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 102 wicked | advmod |
| 102 | wicked | wicked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 94 feared | advcl |
| 103 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 104 Forgetting | punct |
| 104 | Forgetting | forget | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 94 feared | advcl |
| 105 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 104 Forgetting | obj |
| 106 | in | in | ADP | _ | 108 hearts | case |
| 107 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 108 hearts | nmod:poss |
| 108 | hearts | heart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 104 Forgetting | obl |
| 109 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 112 roared | punct |
| 110 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 112 roared | cc |
| 111 | sin | sin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 112 roared | nsubj |
| 112 | roared | roar | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 Wandered | conj |
| 113 | in | in | ADP | _ | 115 land | case |
| 114 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 115 land | det |
| 115 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 112 roared | obl |
| 116 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 Wandered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wander | past | the hearted Kiwakʿw | bird Kullû | the green wilderness | free property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wilderness=Trajectory | ||
| 2 | scare | past | the hearted Kiwakʿw not said here | the Indian | long property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus indian=Experiencer | |||
| 3 | spread | past | Kiwakʿw | Kiwakʿw's mighty wings | like a cloud's twixt earth | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wing=Theme | |||
| 4 | find | past | the Evil beasts and devils and serpents | more in the land | were property | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Topic | |||
| 5 | know | past | the world at last | peace | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer peace=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | teach speech: other | past · perfect · passive | the Master | man | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Topic to man=Recipient | ||||
| 7 | make | should | that | WORLD | happy property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset he=Product | |||
| 8 | is | past | all turn | tree rules | |||||
| 9 | fear | past | beasts = beast | the Master and Grew | day | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer master=Stimulus | |||
| 10 | forget | gerund | beasts = beast not said here | WORLD | beasts's hearts | tree rules | |||
| 11 | roar | past | sin | the land | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in land=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/13/58/