Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 14, sentence 27
One summer’s noon a hunter chanced to stray Close to a well-hid pond in forest deep, Where, puzzled by the sound of plashing spray, He stole behind the alders for a peep.
Who acts: sound, tribe · What happens: chance, stray, hide, puzzle, plash, steal · To what, where: hunter, pond, forest, spray, alders, noon
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sound, tribe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 summer | nummod |
| 2 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 noon | nmod:poss |
| 3 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 2 summer | case |
| 4 | noon | noon | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 hunter | det |
| 6 | hunter | hunter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 noon | conj |
| 7 | chanced | chance | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 hunter | acl |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 stray | mark |
| 9 | stray | stray | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 chanced | xcomp |
| 10 | Close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 stray | xcomp |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 a | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 Close | conj |
| 13 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 15 hid | advmod |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 hid | punct |
| 15 | hid | hide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 a | advcl |
| 16 | pond | pond | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 hid | obj |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 forest | case |
| 18 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 hid | obl |
| 19 | deep | deep | ADV | _ | 23 puzzled | advmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 Where | punct |
| 21 | Where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 23 puzzled | advmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 puzzled | punct |
| 23 | puzzled | puzzle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 hid | advcl |
| 24 | by | by | ADP | _ | 26 sound | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 sound | det |
| 26 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 puzzled | obl |
| 27 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 28 plashing | mark |
| 28 | plashing | plash | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 sound | acl |
| 29 | spray | spray | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 plashing | obj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 stole | punct |
| 31 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 stole | nsubj |
| 32 | stole | steal | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 puzzled | conj |
| 33 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 35 alders | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 alders | det |
| 35 | alders | alder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 stole | obl |
| 36 | for | for | ADP | _ | 38 peep | case |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 peep | det |
| 38 | peep | peep | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 stole | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 noon | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | chance | participle | a hunter not said here | vn risk-94-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | stray | to-infinitive | close property | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | hide | past | pond | forest | well property | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent pond=Patient in forest=Location | |||
| 4 | puzzle | participle | by the sound; deep property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | plash | gerund | the sound not said here | spray | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location spray=Theme | ||||
| 6 | steal | past | tribe | the alders | for a peep | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind alder=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/14/27/