Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 14, sentence 85
At once he looked and lo he saw a sprite of upper air, Called by the Indians, Pʾmûla, alighting on a ledge.
Who acts: stream · What happens: look, see, call, alight · To what, where: sprite, upper air, ledge · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stream), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 once | case |
| 2 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 4 looked | obl |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 looked | nsubj |
| 4 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 saw | cc |
| 6 | lo | lo | INTJ | _ | 8 saw | discourse |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 saw | nsubj |
| 8 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 looked | conj |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 sprite | det |
| 10 | sprite | sprite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 saw | obj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 air | case |
| 12 | upper | upper | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 air | amod |
| 13 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 sprite | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 Called | punct |
| 15 | Called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 air | acl |
| 16 | by | by | ADP | _ | 18 Indians | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 Indians | det |
| 18 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 15 Called | xcomp |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 Pʾmûla | punct |
| 20 | Pʾmûla | Pʾmûla | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Indians | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 alighting | punct |
| 22 | alighting | alight | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 saw | conj |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 25 ledge | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 ledge | det |
| 25 | ledge | ledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 alighting | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | past | stream | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at once=Theme | |||||
| 2 | see | past | stream | a sprite of upper air | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sprite=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | call | participle | upper air not said here | the Indians and Pʾmûla xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | alight | gerund | stream not said here | a ledge | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/14/85/