Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 15, sentence 3
At once the beaver swam To shore to their canoes And gnawed with his sharp teeth Great holes in the birch bark Of which these craft were made.
Who acts: beaver · What happens: swim, gnaw, make · To what, where: shore, Great holes, birch bark, craft
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (beaver), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 once | case |
| 2 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 5 swam | obl |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 beaver | det |
| 4 | beaver | beaver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 swam | nsubj |
| 5 | swam | swim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | To | to | PART | _ | 7 shore | mark |
| 7 | shore | shore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 swam | obj |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 canoes | case |
| 9 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 canoes | nmod:poss |
| 10 | canoes | canoe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 shore | nmod |
| 11 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 gnawed | cc |
| 12 | gnawed | gnaw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 swam | conj |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 teeth | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 15 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 teeth | amod |
| 16 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 gnawed | obl |
| 17 | Great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 holes | amod |
| 18 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 gnawed | obj |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 bark | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 bark | det |
| 21 | birch | birch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 bark | compound |
| 22 | bark | bark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 gnawed | obl |
| 23 | Of | of | ADP | _ | 24 which | case |
| 24 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 made | obl |
| 25 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 26 craft | det |
| 26 | craft | craft | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 made | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 made | aux:pass |
| 28 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 bark | acl:relcl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 swam | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | swim | past | the beaver | shore | to their canoes | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme shore=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | gnaw | past | the beaver not said here | Great holes | the birch bark | with beaver's sharp teeth | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Patient | ||
| 3 | make | past · passive | this craft | of the birch bark | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/15/3/