Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 16, sentence 40
When these small cakes of clay were fresh some Indians there were Who learned to eat them and to take great pleasure in their taste.
Who acts: small cakes, fresh Indians, cakes · What happens: be, learn, eat, take, taste · To what, where: cakes, great pleasure, taste
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (small cakes, fresh Indians, cakes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 8 fresh | advmod |
| 2 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 4 cakes | det |
| 3 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 cakes | amod |
| 4 | cakes | cake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 fresh | nsubj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 clay | case |
| 6 | clay | clay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 cakes | nmod |
| 7 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 fresh | cop |
| 8 | fresh | fresh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 Indians | amod |
| 9 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 10 Indians | det |
| 10 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 12 were | nsubj |
| 11 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 12 were | expl |
| 12 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 learned | nsubj |
| 14 | learned | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 were | ccomp |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 eat | mark |
| 16 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 learned | xcomp |
| 17 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 eat | obj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 take | cc |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 take | mark |
| 20 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 eat | conj |
| 21 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 pleasure | amod |
| 22 | pleasure | pleasure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 take | obj |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 taste | case |
| 24 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 taste | nmod:poss |
| 25 | taste | taste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 take | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 were | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | this small cakes of clay | fresh property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be | past | some fresh Indians | there | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | learn | past | Who nsubj | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | eat | to-infinitive | cakes = cake | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | |||||
| 5 | take | to-infinitive | great pleasure | cakes's taste | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent pleasure=Value in taste=Location | ||||
| 6 | taste | cakes = cake | nom taste «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/16/40/