Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 16, sentence 92
Last night in dreaming This was revealed to me: If in the battle One of your warriors Can touch for an instant Lappilatwan Ever so lightly, Before he sings us The summons to sleep, Then we shall conquer; Failing to touch him Ere we hear ringing ‘_Lappilatwan Wappilatwan_’ We are defeated.
Who acts: Last night, LAPPILATWAN, we · What happens: dream, reveal, touch, sing, sleep, conquer · To what, where: This, Last night, me, battle, summons, us
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Last night, LAPPILATWAN, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 night | amod |
| 2 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 revealed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 4 dreaming | mark |
| 4 | dreaming | dream | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 night | acl |
| 5 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 dreaming | obj |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 revealed | aux:pass |
| 7 | revealed | reveal | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 me | case |
| 9 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 revealed | obl |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 20 touch | punct |
| 11 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 20 touch | mark |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 battle | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 battle | det |
| 14 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 touch | obl |
| 15 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 battle | flat |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 warriors | case |
| 17 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 warriors | nmod:poss |
| 18 | warriors | warrior | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 One | nmod |
| 19 | Can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 touch | aux |
| 20 | touch | touch | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 7 revealed | parataxis |
| 21 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 instant | case |
| 22 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 instant | det |
| 23 | instant | instant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 touch | obl |
| 24 | Lappilatwan | Lappilatwan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 instant | appos |
| 25 | Ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 20 touch | advmod |
| 26 | so | so | ADV | _ | 27 lightly | advmod |
| 27 | lightly | lightly | ADV | _ | 20 touch | advmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 sings | punct |
| 29 | Before | before | SCONJ | _ | 31 sings | mark |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 sings | nsubj |
| 31 | sings | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 touch | conj |
| 32 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 31 sings | obj |
| 33 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 summons | det |
| 34 | summons | summon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 sings | obj |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 sleep | mark |
| 36 | sleep | sleep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 sings | advcl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 conquer | punct |
| 38 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 41 conquer | advmod |
| 39 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 41 conquer | nsubj |
| 40 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 conquer | aux |
| 41 | conquer | conquer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 touch | conj |
| 42 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 43 Failing | punct |
| 43 | Failing | fail | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 49 hear | advcl |
| 44 | to | to | PART | _ | 45 touch | mark |
| 45 | touch | touch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 43 Failing | xcomp |
| 46 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 touch | obj |
| 47 | Ere | ere | ADV | _ | 45 touch | advmod |
| 48 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 49 hear | nsubj |
| 49 | hear | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 revealed | parataxis |
| 50 | ringing | ring | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 49 hear | xcomp |
| 51 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 50 ringing | punct |
| 52 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 53 Lappilatwan | punct |
| 53 | Lappilatwan | Lappilatwan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 ringing | obj |
| 54 | Wappilatwan | Wappilatwan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 53 Lappilatwan | flat |
| 55 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 53 Lappilatwan | punct |
| 56 | ’ | ' | SCONJ | _ | 59 defeated | mark |
| 57 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 59 defeated | nsubj |
| 58 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 59 defeated | aux:pass |
| 59 | defeated | defeat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 50 ringing | advcl |
| 60 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 revealed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dream | gerund | Last night not said here | This | vn cognize-85 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Topic | ||||
| 2 | reveal | past · passive | Last night | me | vn confess-37.10 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Topic to i=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | touch a condition, not said to happen | can | the battle | ever | for a instant; lightly property | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 4 | sing speech: express | present | LAPPILATWAN | the summons | us | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary summon=Theme | |||
| 5 | sleep | to-infinitive | LAPPILATWAN not said here | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | conquer | shall | we | then | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | fail | gerund | we not said here | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 8 | not touch | to-infinitive | we not said here | LAPPILATWAN | ere property | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme he=Co-Theme | |||
| 9 | hear | present | we | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 10 | ring | gerund | we not said here | Lappilatwan | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location lappilatwan=Theme | ||||
| 11 | defeat | present · passive | We | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/16/92/