Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 17, sentence 98
And what was her joy when she reached the mountain And saw from afar on the great tree rising A bright Red Leaf which shone in the sunset; Straight was her flight as that of an arrow, Fast as an arrow, when she beheld him.
Who acts: Heard, great tree, bright Red Leaf, Straight · What happens: be, reach, see, rise, shine, behold · To what, where: joy, mountain, bright Red Leaf, flight, Straight
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Heard, great tree, bright Red Leaf, Straight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 joy | cc |
| 2 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 5 joy | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 joy | cop |
| 4 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 joy | nmod:poss |
| 5 | joy | joy | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 8 reached | mark |
| 7 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 reached | nsubj |
| 8 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 joy | advcl |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 mountain | det |
| 10 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 reached | obj |
| 11 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 saw | cc |
| 12 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 reached | conj |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 afar | case |
| 14 | afar | afar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 saw | xcomp |
| 15 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 tree | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 tree | det |
| 17 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 tree | amod |
| 18 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 afar | obl |
| 19 | rising | rise | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 tree | acl |
| 20 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 Leaf | det |
| 21 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 Leaf | amod |
| 22 | Red | Red | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Leaf | compound |
| 23 | Leaf | leaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 rising | obj |
| 24 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 shone | nsubj |
| 25 | shone | shine | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 Leaf | acl:relcl |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 sunset | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 sunset | det |
| 28 | sunset | sunset | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 shone | obl |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 flight | punct |
| 30 | Straight | Straight | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 flight | nsubj |
| 31 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 flight | cop |
| 32 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 flight | nmod:poss |
| 33 | flight | flight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 joy | conj |
| 34 | as | as | ADP | _ | 35 that | case |
| 35 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 33 flight | nmod |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 arrow | case |
| 37 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 arrow | det |
| 38 | arrow | arrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 that | nmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 Fast | punct |
| 40 | Fast | fast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 flight | amod |
| 41 | as | as | ADP | _ | 43 arrow | case |
| 42 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 arrow | det |
| 43 | arrow | arrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 Fast | obl |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 beheld | punct |
| 45 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 47 beheld | advmod |
| 46 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 beheld | nsubj |
| 47 | beheld | behold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 flight | conj |
| 48 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 beheld | obj |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 joy | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Heard's joy and Heard's flight | what nsubj; Heard nmod:poss | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | reach | past | Heard | the mountain | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent mountain=Theme | ||||
| 3 | see | past | Heard not said here | afar property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | rise | gerund | the great tree not said here | a bright Red Leaf | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location leaf=Theme | ||||
| 5 | shine | past | a bright Red Leaf | sunset | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | is a | past | Straight | Heard's flight | as that of a arrow; Heard nmod:poss | tree rules | |||
| 7 | behold | past | Heard | Straight | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/17/98/