Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 18, sentence 81
Among us are three hunters Who chase a bear: There never was a time When they were not hunting; We look down on the mountains.
Who acts: us, time, bear, We · What happens: be, chase, not be, not hunt, look down · To what, where: bear
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (us, time, bear, We), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Among | among | ADP | _ | 5 hunters | case |
| 2 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 hunters | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 hunters | cop |
| 4 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 hunters | nummod |
| 5 | hunters | hunter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 chase | obl |
| 6 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 chase | nsubj |
| 7 | chase | chase | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 bear | det |
| 9 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 chase | obj |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 was | punct |
| 11 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 13 was | expl |
| 12 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 13 was | advmod |
| 13 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 chase | conj |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 time | det |
| 15 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 was | nsubj |
| 16 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 20 hunting | advmod |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 hunting | nsubj |
| 18 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 hunting | aux |
| 19 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 20 hunting | advmod |
| 20 | hunting | hunt | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 time | acl:relcl |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 look | punct |
| 22 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 23 look | nsubj |
| 23 | look | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 chase | conj |
| 24 | down | down | ADV | _ | 23 look | advmod |
| 25 | on | on | ADP | _ | 27 mountains | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 mountains | det |
| 27 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 look | obl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 chase | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | us | among three hunters | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | chase | present | a bear | Who nsubj | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bear=Theme | ||||
| 3 | not be | past | a time | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | not hunt | past · progressive | bear | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | look down | present | We | on the mountains; down property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on mountain=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/18/81/