Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 19, sentence 93
Many bloody fights had been fought, many men, women and children had been tortured by constant and cruel wars until some of the wise men among the Indians began to think that something must be done, and that whatever was to be done should be done quickly.
Who acts: constant wars, many men · What happens: fight, torture, begin, think, do · To what, where: Many bloody fights, children, something, whatever · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (constant wars, many men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 fights | amod |
| 2 | bloody | bloody | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 fights | amod |
| 3 | fights | fight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 fought | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 fought | aux |
| 5 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 fought | aux:pass |
| 6 | fought | fight | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 men | punct |
| 8 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 men | amod |
| 9 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 began | nsubj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 women | punct |
| 11 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 men | conj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 tortured | cc |
| 13 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 tortured | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 tortured | aux |
| 15 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 16 tortured | aux:pass |
| 16 | tortured | torture | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 men | conj |
| 17 | by | by | ADP | _ | 21 wars | case |
| 18 | constant | constant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 wars | amod |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 cruel | cc |
| 20 | cruel | cruel | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 constant | conj |
| 21 | wars | war | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 tortured | obl |
| 22 | until | until | ADP | _ | 23 some | case |
| 23 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 21 wars | nmod |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 men | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 men | det |
| 26 | wise | wise | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 men | amod |
| 27 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 some | nmod |
| 28 | among | among | ADP | _ | 30 Indians | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 Indians | det |
| 30 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 27 men | nmod |
| 31 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 fought | parataxis |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 think | mark |
| 33 | think | think | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 began | xcomp |
| 34 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 38 done | mark |
| 35 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 38 done | nsubj |
| 36 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 done | aux |
| 37 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 38 done | aux:pass |
| 38 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 think | ccomp |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 done | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 done | cc |
| 41 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 46 done | mark |
| 42 | whatever | whatever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 46 done | obj |
| 43 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 done | aux:pass |
| 44 | to | to | PART | _ | 46 done | mark |
| 45 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 46 done | aux:pass |
| 46 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 49 done | advcl |
| 47 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 49 done | aux |
| 48 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 49 done | aux:pass |
| 49 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 fought | conj |
| 50 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 49 done | advmod |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 fought | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fight | past · perfect · passive | Many bloody fights | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Agent | |||||
| 2 | torture | past · perfect · passive | constant wars until some of the wise men among the Indians | children | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | begin | past | many men and women | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | think speech: other | to-infinitive | many men and women not said here | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | do | must · passive | something | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | |||||
| 6 | do | past · passive | whatever | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: whatever=Eventuality | |||||
| 7 | do | should · passive | quickly property | vn act-114-1 «NP V» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/19/93/