Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 2, sentence 109
There can be little doubt that the Indians now called Penobscots from their residence near the river of that name are the descendants of those of the early Abenakis who, instead of fleeing to French dominions, eventually submitted themselves to the victorious English.
Who acts: little doubt, Indians Penobscots · What happens: be, call, flee, submit · To what, where: Indians, descendants, French dominions, Abenakis, victorious English · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little doubt, Indians Penobscots), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 3 be | expl |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 be | aux |
| 3 | be | be | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 doubt | amod |
| 5 | doubt | doubt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 be | nsubj |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 23 descendants | mark |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Indians | det |
| 8 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 11 Penobscots | compound |
| 9 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 10 called | advmod |
| 10 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 Indians | acl |
| 11 | Penobscots | penobscot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 descendants | nsubj |
| 12 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 residence | case |
| 13 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 residence | nmod:poss |
| 14 | residence | residence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 Penobscots | nmod |
| 15 | near | near | ADP | _ | 17 river | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 river | det |
| 17 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 residence | nmod |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 name | case |
| 19 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 20 name | det |
| 20 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 river | nmod |
| 21 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 descendants | cop |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 descendants | det |
| 23 | descendants | descendant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 doubt | nmod |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 those | case |
| 25 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 23 descendants | nmod |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 Abenakis | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 Abenakis | det |
| 28 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 Abenakis | amod |
| 29 | Abenakis | Abenaki | PROPN | Number=Plur | 25 those | nmod |
| 30 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 those | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 fleeing | punct |
| 32 | instead | instead | ADV | ExtPos=SCONJ | 34 fleeing | mark |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 instead | fixed |
| 34 | fleeing | flee | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 25 those | acl |
| 35 | to | to | ADP | _ | 37 dominions | case |
| 36 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 dominions | amod |
| 37 | dominions | dominion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 fleeing | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 submitted | punct |
| 39 | eventually | eventually | ADV | _ | 40 submitted | advmod |
| 40 | submitted | submit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 fleeing | conj |
| 41 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 40 submitted | obj |
| 42 | to | to | ADP | _ | 45 English | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 English | det |
| 44 | victorious | victorious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 English | amod |
| 45 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 submitted | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 be | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | can | can | little doubt | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | call | participle | the Indians not said here | now | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | Indians Penobscots from Penobscots's residence near the river of that name | the descendants | of those of the early Abenakis the descendants | tree rules | |||
| 4 | flee | gerund | French dominions | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to dominion=Initial_Location | |||||
| 5 | submit | past | Abenakis = abenaki | the victorious English | eventually property | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme to english=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/2/109/