Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 2, sentence 68
As the Passamaquoddy chief had very few men able to bear arms, he made the women attire themselves like warriors so that from a distance they might be mistaken for men, and directed them to play on the beach shouting and laughing as if entirely fearless.
Who acts: Passamaquoddy chief, few men, man, women · What happens: have, bear, make, attire, mistake, direct · To what, where: few men, arms, chiefs, beach
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Passamaquoddy chief, few men, man, women), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 5 had | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 chief | det |
| 3 | Passamaquoddy | Passamaquoddy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 chief | compound |
| 4 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 had | nsubj |
| 5 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 made | advcl |
| 6 | very | very | ADV | _ | 7 few | advmod |
| 7 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 men | amod |
| 8 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 had | obj |
| 9 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 men | amod |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 bear | mark |
| 11 | bear | bear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 able | xcomp |
| 12 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 bear | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 had | punct |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 made | nsubj |
| 15 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 women | det |
| 17 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 attire | nsubj |
| 18 | attire | attire | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 made | parataxis |
| 19 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 18 attire | obj |
| 20 | like | like | ADP | _ | 21 warriors | case |
| 21 | warriors | warrior | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 attire | obl |
| 22 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 30 mistaken | mark |
| 23 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 22 so | fixed |
| 24 | from | from | ADP | _ | 26 distance | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 distance | det |
| 26 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 mistaken | obl |
| 27 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 mistaken | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 mistaken | aux |
| 29 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 30 mistaken | aux:pass |
| 30 | mistaken | mistake | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 attire | advcl |
| 31 | for | for | ADP | _ | 32 men | case |
| 32 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 mistaken | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 directed | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 directed | cc |
| 35 | directed | direct | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 made | conj |
| 36 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 directed | obj |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 play | mark |
| 38 | play | play | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 directed | xcomp |
| 39 | on | on | ADP | _ | 41 beach | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 beach | det |
| 41 | beach | beach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 play | obl |
| 42 | shouting | shout | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 38 play | advcl |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 laughing | cc |
| 44 | laughing | laugh | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 42 shouting | conj |
| 45 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 48 fearless | mark |
| 46 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 48 fearless | mark |
| 47 | entirely | entirely | ADV | _ | 48 fearless | advmod |
| 48 | fearless | fearless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 laughing | xcomp |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | the Passamaquoddy chief | few men | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient | ||||
| 2 | bear | to-infinitive | few men not said here | arms | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient | ||||
| 3 | make | past | man | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | attire | present | the women | chiefs = chief | like warriors | vn dress-41.1.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Patient | |||
| 5 | mistake | might · passive | chiefs = chief | from a distance; for men | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | direct | past | man not said here | chiefs = chief | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | play | to-infinitive | man not said here | the beach | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | shout speech: express | gerund | man not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 9 | laugh | gerund | man not said here | fearless property | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/2/68/