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Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 3, sentence 62

The Algonkin Indian believed in many spirits, some benevolent like the _Wʾnagʾmeswuk_ or “little people,” who were wont to warn the tribesmen of impending danger; some neutral, like the wandering _Kiwaʿkw_ in this tale, or the _Chibelaʿkwe_, the tree sprite who sits in the crotch of the large branches; and some again distinctly malevolent, like the _Appodumken_ or spirit of the deep water, who lurks in the lakes to drag down the unwary swimmer.

Who acts: Algonkin, tribesmen, Kiwaʿkw, tree sprite, some, deep water · What happens: believe, be, warn, impend, wonder, sit · To what, where: Algonkin, many spirits, danger, Chibelaʿkwe, tale, crotch

This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Algonkin, tribesmen, Kiwaʿkw, tree sprite), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

detnsubjamodaclcaseamodoblpunctdetconjcasedetpunctoblpunctccpunctamodconjpunctpunctnsubjcopmarkadvcldetobjmarkaclobjpunctdetconjpunctmarkdetadvclpunctobjpunctcasedetoblpunctccdetpunctoblpunctpunctdetcompoundapposnsubjacl:relclcasedetoblcasedetamodnmodpunctccnsubjadvmodadvmodconjpunctcasedetpunctoblpunctccapposcasedetamodnmodpunctnsubjacl:relclcasedetoblmarkadvclcompound:prtdetamodobjpunctrootTheDETAlgonkinPROPNIndianADJbelievedVERBinADPmanyADJspiritsNOUN,PUNCTsomeDETbenevolentADJlikeADPtheDET_PUNCTWʾnagʾmeswukPROPN_PUNCTorCCONJ“PUNCTlittleADJpeopleNOUN,PUNCT”PUNCTwhoPRONwereAUXwontADJtoPARTwarnVERBtheDETtribesmenNOUNofSCONJimpendingVERBdangerNOUN;PUNCTsomeDETneutralADJ,PUNCTlikeSCONJtheDETwanderingVERB_PUNCTKiwaʿkwPROPN_PUNCTinADPthisDETtaleNOUN,PUNCTorCCONJtheDET_PUNCTChibelaʿkwePROPN_PUNCT,PUNCTtheDETtreeNOUNspriteNOUNwhoPRONsitsVERBinADPtheDETcrotchNOUNofADPtheDETlargeADJbranchesNOUN;PUNCTandCCONJsomeDETagainADVdistinctlyADVmalevolentADJ,PUNCTlikeADPtheDET_PUNCTAppodumkenPROPN_PUNCTorCCONJspiritNOUNofADPtheDETdeepADJwaterNOUN,PUNCTwhoPRONlurksVERBinADPtheDETlakesNOUNtoPARTdragVERBdownADPtheDETunwaryADJswimmerNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art2 Algonkindet
2AlgonkinAlgonkinPROPNNumber=Sing24 wontnsubj
3IndianIndianADJDegree=Pos2 Algonkinamod
4believedbelieveVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass2 Algonkinacl
5ininADP_7 spiritscase
6manymanyADJDegree=Pos7 spiritsamod
7spiritsspiritNOUNNumber=Plur4 believedobl
8,,PUNCT_10 benevolentpunct
9somesomeDETPronType=Ind10 benevolentdet
10benevolentbenevolentADJDegree=Pos2 Algonkinconj
11likelikeADP_14 Wʾnagʾmeswukcase
12thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art14 Wʾnagʾmeswukdet
13__PUNCT_14 Wʾnagʾmeswukpunct
14WʾnagʾmeswukWʾnagʾmeswukPROPNNumber=Sing10 benevolentobl
15__PUNCT_14 Wʾnagʾmeswukpunct
16ororCCONJ_19 peoplecc
17“"PUNCT_19 peoplepunct
18littlelittleADJDegree=Pos19 peopleamod
19peoplepeopleNOUNNumber=Plur14 Wʾnagʾmeswukconj
20,,PUNCT_2 Algonkinpunct
21”"PUNCT_2 Algonkinpunct
22whowhoPRONPronType=Rel24 wontnsubj
23werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin24 wontcop
24wontwontADJDegree=Posrootroot
25totoPART_26 warnmark
26warnwarnVERBVerbForm=Inf24 wontadvcl
27thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art28 tribesmendet
28tribesmentribesmanNOUNNumber=Plur26 warnobj
29ofofSCONJ_30 impendingmark
30impendingimpendVERBVerbForm=Ger28 tribesmenacl
31dangerdangerNOUNNumber=Sing30 impendingobj
32;;PUNCT_34 neutralpunct
33somesomeDETPronType=Ind34 neutraldet
34neutralneutralADJDegree=Pos24 wontconj
35,,PUNCT_38 wanderingpunct
36likelikeSCONJ_38 wanderingmark
37thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art38 wanderingdet
38wanderingwonderVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part34 neutraladvcl
39__PUNCT_40 Kiwaʿkwpunct
40KiwaʿkwKiwaʿkwPROPNNumber=Sing38 wanderingobj
41__PUNCT_40 Kiwaʿkwpunct
42ininADP_44 talecase
43thisthisDETNumber=Sing PronType=Dem44 taledet
44taletaleNOUNNumber=Sing38 wanderingobl
45,,PUNCT_49 Chibelaʿkwepunct
46ororCCONJ_49 Chibelaʿkwecc
47thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art49 Chibelaʿkwedet
48__PUNCT_49 Chibelaʿkwepunct
49ChibelaʿkweChibelaʿkwePROPNNumber=Sing34 neutralobl
50__PUNCT_49 Chibelaʿkwepunct
51,,PUNCT_54 spritepunct
52thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art54 spritedet
53treetreeNOUNNumber=Sing54 spritecompound
54spritespriteNOUNNumber=Sing49 Chibelaʿkweappos
55whowhoPRONPronType=Rel56 sitsnsubj
56sitssitVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin54 spriteacl:relcl
57ininADP_59 crotchcase
58thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art59 crotchdet
59crotchcrotchNOUNNumber=Sing56 sitsobl
60ofofADP_63 branchescase
61thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art63 branchesdet
62largelargeADJDegree=Pos63 branchesamod
63branchesbranchNOUNNumber=Plur59 crotchnmod
64;;PUNCT_69 malevolentpunct
65andandCCONJ_69 malevolentcc
66somesomeDETPronType=Ind69 malevolentnsubj
67againagainADV_69 malevolentadvmod
68distinctlydistinctlyADV_69 malevolentadvmod
69malevolentmalevolentADJDegree=Pos24 wontconj
70,,PUNCT_74 Appodumkenpunct
71likelikeADP_74 Appodumkencase
72thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art74 Appodumkendet
73__PUNCT_74 Appodumkenpunct
74AppodumkenAppodumkenPROPNNumber=Sing69 malevolentobl
75__PUNCT_77 spiritpunct
76ororCCONJ_77 spiritcc
77spiritspiritNOUNNumber=Sing74 Appodumkenappos
78ofofADP_81 watercase
79thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art81 waterdet
80deepdeepADJDegree=Pos81 wateramod
81waterwaterNOUNNumber=Sing77 spiritnmod
82,,PUNCT_84 lurkspunct
83whowhoPRONPronType=Rel84 lurksnsubj
84lurkslurkVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin81 wateracl:relcl
85ininADP_87 lakescase
86thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art87 lakesdet
87lakeslakeNOUNNumber=Plur84 lurksobl
88totoPART_89 dragmark
89dragdragVERBVerbForm=Inf84 lurksadvcl
90downdownADP_89 dragcompound:prt
91thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art93 swimmerdet
92unwaryunwaryADJDegree=Pos93 swimmeramod
93swimmerswimmerNOUNNumber=Sing89 dragobj
94..PUNCT_24 wontpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1believeparticiplethe Algonkin not said heremany spiritsvn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
2ispastthe Algonkinwho nsubj; wont propertytree rules
3warn speech: warnto-infinitivethe tribesmenvn advise-37.9-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent
4impendgerundthe tribesmen not said heredangertree rules
5bethe Algonkin not said herethe Chibelaʿkwetree rules
6wonder speech: askgerundKiwaʿkwthis talevn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
7sitpresentthe tree spritethe crotch of the large branchesvn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in crotch=Location
8besomeagainlike the Appodumken; distinctly propertytree rules
9lurkpresentthe deep waterthe lakesvn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in lake=Location
10drag downto-infinitivethe deep water not said herethe unwary swimmervn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent swimmer=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/3/62/