Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 3, sentence 62
The Algonkin Indian believed in many spirits, some benevolent like the _Wʾnagʾmeswuk_ or “little people,” who were wont to warn the tribesmen of impending danger; some neutral, like the wandering _Kiwaʿkw_ in this tale, or the _Chibelaʿkwe_, the tree sprite who sits in the crotch of the large branches; and some again distinctly malevolent, like the _Appodumken_ or spirit of the deep water, who lurks in the lakes to drag down the unwary swimmer.
Who acts: Algonkin, tribesmen, Kiwaʿkw, tree sprite, some, deep water · What happens: believe, be, warn, impend, wonder, sit · To what, where: Algonkin, many spirits, danger, Chibelaʿkwe, tale, crotch
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Algonkin, tribesmen, Kiwaʿkw, tree sprite), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Algonkin | det |
| 2 | Algonkin | Algonkin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 wont | nsubj |
| 3 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 Algonkin | amod |
| 4 | believed | believe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 Algonkin | acl |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 spirits | case |
| 6 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 spirits | amod |
| 7 | spirits | spirit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 believed | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 benevolent | punct |
| 9 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 10 benevolent | det |
| 10 | benevolent | benevolent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 Algonkin | conj |
| 11 | like | like | ADP | _ | 14 Wʾnagʾmeswuk | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Wʾnagʾmeswuk | det |
| 13 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 14 Wʾnagʾmeswuk | punct |
| 14 | Wʾnagʾmeswuk | Wʾnagʾmeswuk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 benevolent | obl |
| 15 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 14 Wʾnagʾmeswuk | punct |
| 16 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 19 people | cc |
| 17 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 people | punct |
| 18 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 people | amod |
| 19 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 Wʾnagʾmeswuk | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Algonkin | punct |
| 21 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Algonkin | punct |
| 22 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 wont | nsubj |
| 23 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 wont | cop |
| 24 | wont | wont | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 warn | mark |
| 26 | warn | warn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 wont | advcl |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 tribesmen | det |
| 28 | tribesmen | tribesman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 warn | obj |
| 29 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 30 impending | mark |
| 30 | impending | impend | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 28 tribesmen | acl |
| 31 | danger | danger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 impending | obj |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 neutral | punct |
| 33 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 34 neutral | det |
| 34 | neutral | neutral | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 wont | conj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 wandering | punct |
| 36 | like | like | SCONJ | _ | 38 wandering | mark |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 wandering | det |
| 38 | wandering | wonder | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 34 neutral | advcl |
| 39 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 40 Kiwaʿkw | punct |
| 40 | Kiwaʿkw | Kiwaʿkw | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 wandering | obj |
| 41 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 40 Kiwaʿkw | punct |
| 42 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 tale | case |
| 43 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 44 tale | det |
| 44 | tale | tale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 wandering | obl |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 Chibelaʿkwe | punct |
| 46 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 49 Chibelaʿkwe | cc |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 Chibelaʿkwe | det |
| 48 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 49 Chibelaʿkwe | punct |
| 49 | Chibelaʿkwe | Chibelaʿkwe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 neutral | obl |
| 50 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 49 Chibelaʿkwe | punct |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 sprite | punct |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 sprite | det |
| 53 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 sprite | compound |
| 54 | sprite | sprite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 Chibelaʿkwe | appos |
| 55 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 56 sits | nsubj |
| 56 | sits | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 54 sprite | acl:relcl |
| 57 | in | in | ADP | _ | 59 crotch | case |
| 58 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 crotch | det |
| 59 | crotch | crotch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 sits | obl |
| 60 | of | of | ADP | _ | 63 branches | case |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 63 branches | det |
| 62 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 63 branches | amod |
| 63 | branches | branch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 59 crotch | nmod |
| 64 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 69 malevolent | punct |
| 65 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 69 malevolent | cc |
| 66 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 69 malevolent | nsubj |
| 67 | again | again | ADV | _ | 69 malevolent | advmod |
| 68 | distinctly | distinctly | ADV | _ | 69 malevolent | advmod |
| 69 | malevolent | malevolent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 wont | conj |
| 70 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 74 Appodumken | punct |
| 71 | like | like | ADP | _ | 74 Appodumken | case |
| 72 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 74 Appodumken | det |
| 73 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 74 Appodumken | punct |
| 74 | Appodumken | Appodumken | PROPN | Number=Sing | 69 malevolent | obl |
| 75 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 77 spirit | punct |
| 76 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 77 spirit | cc |
| 77 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 74 Appodumken | appos |
| 78 | of | of | ADP | _ | 81 water | case |
| 79 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 81 water | det |
| 80 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 81 water | amod |
| 81 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 77 spirit | nmod |
| 82 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 84 lurks | punct |
| 83 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 84 lurks | nsubj |
| 84 | lurks | lurk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 81 water | acl:relcl |
| 85 | in | in | ADP | _ | 87 lakes | case |
| 86 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 87 lakes | det |
| 87 | lakes | lake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 84 lurks | obl |
| 88 | to | to | PART | _ | 89 drag | mark |
| 89 | drag | drag | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 84 lurks | advcl |
| 90 | down | down | ADP | _ | 89 drag | compound:prt |
| 91 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 93 swimmer | det |
| 92 | unwary | unwary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 93 swimmer | amod |
| 93 | swimmer | swimmer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 89 drag | obj |
| 94 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 24 wont | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe | participle | the Algonkin not said here | many spirits | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | is | past | the Algonkin | who nsubj; wont property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | warn speech: warn | to-infinitive | the tribesmen | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | impend | gerund | the tribesmen not said here | danger | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | be | the Algonkin not said here | the Chibelaʿkwe | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | wonder speech: ask | gerund | Kiwaʿkw | this tale | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 7 | sit | present | the tree sprite | the crotch of the large branches | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in crotch=Location | ||||
| 8 | be | some | again | like the Appodumken; distinctly property | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | lurk | present | the deep water | the lakes | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in lake=Location | ||||
| 10 | drag down | to-infinitive | the deep water not said here | the unwary swimmer | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent swimmer=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/3/62/