Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 4, sentence 134
In the very olden time Before Kulóskap the Master, The Lord of Beasts and Men, Had come into the world, Or man was by him instructed, All lived in wonderful darkness; Men could not even see To slay their enemies; But the Lord brought light unto them, The daybreak and the dawn.
Who acts: man, Men, Lord · What happens: come, be, instruct, live, not see, slay · To what, where: world, wonderful darkness, enemies, light
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, Men, Lord), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 5 time | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 time | det |
| 3 | very | very | ADV | _ | 4 olden | advmod |
| 4 | olden | olden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 time | amod |
| 5 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 come | obl |
| 6 | Before | before | ADP | _ | 7 Kulóskap | case |
| 7 | Kulóskap | Kulóskap | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 time | nmod |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Master | det |
| 9 | Master | Master | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Kulóskap | appos |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 Lord | punct |
| 11 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Lord | det |
| 12 | Lord | Lord | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Kulóskap | conj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 Beasts | case |
| 14 | Beasts | Beast | PROPN | Number=Plur | 12 Lord | nmod |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 Men | cc |
| 16 | Men | Men | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Kulóskap | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 time | punct |
| 18 | Had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 come | aux |
| 19 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 20 | into | into | ADP | _ | 22 world | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 world | det |
| 22 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 come | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 instructed | punct |
| 24 | Or | or | CCONJ | _ | 25 man | cc |
| 25 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 instructed | nsubj |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 him | cop |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 28 him | case |
| 28 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 man | nmod |
| 29 | instructed | instruct | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 come | parataxis |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 lived | punct |
| 31 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 32 lived | advmod |
| 32 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 instructed | conj |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 darkness | case |
| 34 | wonderful | wonderful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 darkness | amod |
| 35 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 lived | obl |
| 36 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 41 see | punct |
| 37 | Men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 see | nsubj |
| 38 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 see | aux |
| 39 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 41 see | advmod |
| 40 | even | even | ADV | _ | 41 see | advmod |
| 41 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 lived | conj |
| 42 | To | to | PART | _ | 43 slay | mark |
| 43 | slay | slay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 see | xcomp |
| 44 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 enemies | nmod:poss |
| 45 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 slay | obj |
| 46 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 50 brought | punct |
| 47 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 50 brought | cc |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 Lord | det |
| 49 | Lord | Lord | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 brought | nsubj |
| 50 | brought | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 come | conj |
| 51 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 brought | obj |
| 52 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 53 them | case |
| 53 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 51 light | nmod |
| 54 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 56 daybreak | punct |
| 55 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 56 daybreak | det |
| 56 | daybreak | daybreak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 light | conj |
| 57 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 59 dawn | cc |
| 58 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 dawn | det |
| 59 | dawn | dawn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 light | conj |
| 60 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 come | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past · perfect | the world | time | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into world=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | is | past | by Men | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | instruct speech: other | past | man | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | live | past | man not said here | wonderful darkness | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in darkness=Location | ||||
| 5 | not see | could | Men | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | slay | to-infinitive | Men not said here | Beasts's enemies | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Patient | ||||
| 7 | bring | past | the Lord | light and the daybreak and the dawn | unto enemies = enemy | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent light=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/4/134/