Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 4, sentence 16
So on another day When both together went A-hunting in the woods Kulóskap laid him down To sleep upon the leaves Where all was very still; Then Malsum, ever bent On evil and on death, With a great pine-tree root Smote with his giant strength His brother on the head.
Who acts: both, Kulóskap, all · What happens: go, lay down, sleep, be, bend · To what, where: hunting, woods, Tis, Malsum, evil
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (both, Kulóskap, all), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 8 went | advmod |
| 2 | on | on | ADP | _ | 4 day | case |
| 3 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 4 day | det |
| 4 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 went | obl |
| 5 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 8 went | advmod |
| 6 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 went | nsubj |
| 7 | together | together | ADV | _ | 8 went | advmod |
| 8 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 hunting | det |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 A | punct |
| 11 | hunting | hunting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 went | obj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 woods | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 woods | det |
| 14 | woods | wood | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 went | obl |
| 15 | Kulóskap | Kulóskap | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 laid | nsubj |
| 16 | laid | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 went | conj |
| 17 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 laid | obj |
| 18 | down | down | ADP | _ | 16 laid | compound:prt |
| 19 | To | to | PART | _ | 20 sleep | mark |
| 20 | sleep | sleep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 laid | advcl |
| 21 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 23 leaves | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 leaves | det |
| 23 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 sleep | obl |
| 24 | Where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 28 still | advmod |
| 25 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 28 still | nsubj |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 still | cop |
| 27 | very | very | ADV | _ | 28 still | advmod |
| 28 | still | still | ADV | _ | 23 leaves | advmod |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 Malsum | punct |
| 30 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 31 Malsum | advmod |
| 31 | Malsum | Malsum | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 went | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 bent | punct |
| 33 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 34 bent | advmod |
| 34 | bent | bend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 Malsum | acl |
| 35 | On | on | ADP | _ | 36 evil | case |
| 36 | evil | evil | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 bent | obl |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 death | cc |
| 38 | on | on | ADP | _ | 39 death | case |
| 39 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 Malsum | conj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 root | punct |
| 41 | With | with | ADP | _ | 47 root | case |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 47 root | det |
| 43 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 root | amod |
| 44 | pine | pine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 tree | compound |
| 45 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 44 pine | punct |
| 46 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 root | compound |
| 47 | root | root | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 Malsum | appos |
| 48 | Smote | Smote | PROPN | Number=Sing | 47 root | appos |
| 49 | with | with | ADP | _ | 52 strength | case |
| 50 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 52 strength | nmod:poss |
| 51 | giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 strength | amod |
| 52 | strength | strength | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 root | nmod |
| 53 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 54 brother | nmod:poss |
| 54 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 strength | nsubj |
| 55 | on | on | ADP | _ | 57 head | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 head | det |
| 57 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 strength | nmod |
| 58 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | both | a hunting | the woods | day | Malsum and death obl; together property | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hunting=Theme | |
| 2 | lay down | past | Kulóskap | Tis | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Result | ||||
| 3 | sleep | to-infinitive | Kulóskap not said here | upon the leaves | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | is | past | all | still property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | bend | participle | Malsum and death not said here | evil | ever | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on evil=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/4/16/