Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 4, sentence 27
Then Kulóskap sang a song, Lamenting for the dead; Though ever unto him He had so evil been, And as a bitter foe Had sought to end his life; Sung over him a song, Then homewards went his way.
Who acts: Kulóskap, homewards · What happens: sing, lament, have, be, seek, end · To what, where: song, bitter foe, life, way
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kulóskap, homewards), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 sang | advmod |
| 2 | Kulóskap | Kulóskap | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 sang | nsubj |
| 3 | sang | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 song | det |
| 5 | song | song | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sang | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 Lamenting | punct |
| 7 | Lamenting | lament | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 sang | advcl |
| 8 | for | for | ADP | _ | 10 dead | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 dead | det |
| 10 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 Lamenting | obl |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 had | punct |
| 12 | Though | though | ADV | _ | 17 had | advmod |
| 13 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 12 Though | advmod |
| 14 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 15 him | case |
| 15 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 Though | obl |
| 16 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 had | nsubj |
| 17 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 sang | conj |
| 18 | so | so | ADV | _ | 19 evil | advmod |
| 19 | evil | evil | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 had | ccomp |
| 20 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 evil | cop |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 sought | punct |
| 22 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 sought | cc |
| 23 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 28 sought | mark |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 foe | det |
| 25 | bitter | bitter | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 foe | amod |
| 26 | foe | foe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 sought | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | Had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 sought | aux |
| 28 | sought | seek | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 had | conj |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 end | mark |
| 30 | end | end | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 sought | advcl |
| 31 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 life | nmod:poss |
| 32 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 end | obj |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 Sung | punct |
| 34 | Sung | sing | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 sang | conj |
| 35 | over | over | ADP | _ | 36 him | case |
| 36 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 Sung | obl |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 song | det |
| 38 | song | song | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 Sung | obj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 went | punct |
| 40 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 42 went | advmod |
| 41 | homewards | homeward | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 went | nsubj |
| 42 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 sang | conj |
| 43 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 way | nmod:poss |
| 44 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 went | obj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 sang | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sing speech: express | past | Kulóskap | a song | then | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme | |||
| 2 | lament | gerund | Kulóskap not said here | for the dead | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for dead=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | have | past | Kulóskap | ever | though property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 4 | is | participle | Kulóskap not said here | evil property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | seek | past · perfect · passive | a bitter foe | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 6 | end | to-infinitive | Kulóskap's life | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality life=Eventuality | |||||
| 7 | sing speech: express | participle | Kulóskap not said here | a song | over Kulóskap | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme | |||
| 8 | go | past | homewards | Kulóskap's way | then | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location way=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/4/27/