Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 4, sentence 67
The ground was heaving and rumbling, The rocks were shaking and falling, And even the boldest among them Felt faint at heart with terror; When lo, they saw before them The Lord of all, Kulóskap!
Who acts: ground, rocks, boldest · What happens: heave, rumble, shake, fall, feel, see · To what, where: heart, Lord
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ground, rocks, boldest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 ground | det |
| 2 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heaving | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 heaving | aux |
| 4 | heaving | heave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 rumbling | cc |
| 6 | rumbling | rumble | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 heaving | conj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 shaking | punct |
| 8 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 rocks | det |
| 9 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 shaking | nsubj |
| 10 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 shaking | aux |
| 11 | shaking | shake | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 heaving | conj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 falling | cc |
| 13 | falling | fall | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 shaking | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 Felt | punct |
| 15 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 Felt | cc |
| 16 | even | even | ADV | _ | 18 boldest | advmod |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 boldest | det |
| 18 | boldest | bold | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 21 Felt | nsubj |
| 19 | among | among | ADP | _ | 20 them | case |
| 20 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 boldest | obl |
| 21 | Felt | feel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 heaving | parataxis |
| 22 | faint | faint | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 Felt | xcomp |
| 23 | at | at | ADP | _ | 24 heart | case |
| 24 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 Felt | obl |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 terror | case |
| 26 | terror | terror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 heart | nmod |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 saw | punct |
| 28 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 29 lo | advmod |
| 29 | lo | lo | INTJ | _ | 32 saw | discourse |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 lo | punct |
| 31 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 saw | nsubj |
| 32 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 Felt | conj |
| 33 | before | before | ADP | _ | 34 them | case |
| 34 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 saw | obl |
| 35 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 Lord | det |
| 36 | Lord | Lord | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 saw | obl |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 all | case |
| 38 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 36 Lord | nmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 Kulóskap | punct |
| 40 | Kulóskap | Kulóskap | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Lord | conj |
| 41 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 4 heaving | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | heave | past · progressive | the ground | vn push-12 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | rumble | gerund | the ground not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | shake | past · progressive | the rocks | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | fall | gerund | the rocks not said here | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | feel | past | the boldest among rocks | heart with terror | faint property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | |||
| 6 | see | past | rocks = rock | the Lord of all and Kulóskap | before Indians = indian | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/4/67/