Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 7, sentence 43
He had conquered all Of his worst enemies, even the Kiwaʾkw Who were ice-giant ghouls, and over them, Mʾdeolinʾwak or sorcerers And Pʾmûla the night air’s evil spirit, And every manner of uncanny ghosts, Grim witches, devils, goblins, cannibals, And the dark demons of the forest shade.
Who acts: Kulóskap, Kiwaʾkw, ghouls · What happens: conquer, be, spirit · To what, where: all, ice giant ghouls
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kulóskap, Kiwaʾkw, ghouls), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 conquered | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 conquered | aux |
| 3 | conquered | conquer | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 conquered | obj |
| 5 | Of | of | ADP | _ | 8 enemies | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 enemies | nmod:poss |
| 7 | worst | bad | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 8 enemies | amod |
| 8 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 all | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 Kiwaʾkw | punct |
| 10 | even | even | ADV | _ | 12 Kiwaʾkw | advmod |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Kiwaʾkw | det |
| 12 | Kiwaʾkw | Kiwaʾkw | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 conquered | parataxis |
| 13 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 ghouls | nsubj |
| 14 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 ghouls | cop |
| 15 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 ghouls | compound |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 ice | punct |
| 17 | giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 ghouls | amod |
| 18 | ghouls | ghoul | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 Kiwaʾkw | acl:relcl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 spirit | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 spirit | cc |
| 21 | over | over | ADP | _ | 22 them | case |
| 22 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 spirit | nsubj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 Mʾdeolinʾwak | punct |
| 24 | Mʾdeolinʾwak | Mʾdeolinʾwak | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 them | appos |
| 25 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 26 sorcerers | cc |
| 26 | sorcerers | sorcerer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 Mʾdeolinʾwak | conj |
| 27 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 Pʾmûla | cc |
| 28 | Pʾmûla | Pʾmûla | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Mʾdeolinʾwak | conj |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 air | det |
| 30 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 air | compound |
| 31 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 spirit | nmod:poss |
| 32 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 31 air | case |
| 33 | evil | evil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 spirit | compound |
| 34 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 conquered | conj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 manner | punct |
| 36 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 manner | cc |
| 37 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 38 manner | det |
| 38 | manner | manner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 conquered | parataxis |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 ghosts | case |
| 40 | uncanny | uncanny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 ghosts | amod |
| 41 | ghosts | ghost | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 manner | nmod |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 witches | punct |
| 43 | Grim | grim | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 witches | amod |
| 44 | witches | witch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 ghosts | conj |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 devils | punct |
| 46 | devils | devil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 witches | conj |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 goblins | punct |
| 48 | goblins | goblin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 witches | conj |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 cannibals | punct |
| 50 | cannibals | cannibal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 goblins | conj |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 demons | punct |
| 52 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 55 demons | cc |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 demons | det |
| 54 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 55 demons | amod |
| 55 | demons | demon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 manner | conj |
| 56 | of | of | ADP | _ | 59 shade | case |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 shade | det |
| 58 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 shade | compound |
| 59 | shade | shade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 demons | nmod |
| 60 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 conquered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | conquer | past · perfect | Kulóskap | all of Kulóskap's worst enemies | the Kiwaʾkw parataxis; every manner of uncanny ghosts and Grim witches and devils and goblins and cannibals and the dark demons of the forest shade parataxis | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent all=Patient | |||
| 2 | is a | past | the Kiwaʾkw | ice giant ghouls | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | spirit | ghouls = ghoul | the night air nmod:poss | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/7/43/