Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 9, sentence 13
“Truly not I,” said Mikchik, “For I deem it is in the language Which is spoken by the demons Or spirits of the air, Which ’tis said no mortal knoweth.”
Who acts: I, demons, Mikchik, mortal · What happens: say, deem, be, speak, ', know · To what, where: Master, language, tis · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, demons, Mikchik, mortal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
| 2 | Truly | truly | ADV | _ | 4 I | advmod |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 I | advmod |
| 4 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 said | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 I | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 I | punct |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | Mikchik | Mikchik | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 said | nsubj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 language | punct |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 language | punct |
| 11 | For | for | SCONJ | _ | 13 deem | mark |
| 12 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 deem | nsubj |
| 13 | deem | deem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 language | advcl |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 deem | obj |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 language | cop |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 language | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 language | det |
| 18 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 Mikchik | appos |
| 19 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 spoken | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 spoken | aux:pass |
| 21 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 language | acl:relcl |
| 22 | by | by | ADP | _ | 24 demons | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 demons | det |
| 24 | demons | demon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 spoken | obl |
| 25 | Or | or | CCONJ | _ | 26 spirits | cc |
| 26 | spirits | spirit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 demons | conj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 air | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 air | det |
| 29 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 spirits | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 ’ | punct |
| 31 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 ’ | nsubj |
| 32 | ’ | ' | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 demons | acl:relcl |
| 33 | tis | tis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 ’ | obj |
| 34 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 said | ccomp |
| 35 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 36 mortal | det |
| 36 | mortal | mortal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 knoweth | nsubj |
| 37 | knoweth | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 said | ccomp |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
| 39 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | I | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | deem in a quote | present | I | Master | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent it=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | is in a quote | present | the language | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | speak speech: other in a quote | present · passive | the demons or spirits of the air | the language | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | ' in a quote | past | the demons or spirits of the air | tis | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | say speech: assert in a quote | past | Mikchik | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | know in a quote | present | no mortal | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/9/13/