Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 9, sentence 48
There were two witches there, The Porcupine and Toad, Bearing the human form; Of them he humbly asked How the Master was to die, And to him the Toad replied, “Well!
Who acts: two witches, Porcupine, Kulóskap, Master, Toad · What happens: be, bear, ask, reply · To what, where: human form, Kulóskap
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two witches, Porcupine, Kulóskap, Master), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 were | expl |
| 2 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 witches | nummod |
| 4 | witches | witch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 were | nsubj |
| 5 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 witches | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 Porcupine | punct |
| 7 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Porcupine | det |
| 8 | Porcupine | Porcupine | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 witches | conj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 Toad | cc |
| 10 | Toad | Toad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Porcupine | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 Bearing | punct |
| 12 | Bearing | bear | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 Porcupine | acl |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 form | det |
| 14 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 form | amod |
| 15 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 Bearing | obj |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 asked | punct |
| 17 | Of | of | ADP | _ | 18 them | case |
| 18 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 asked | obl |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 asked | nsubj |
| 20 | humbly | humbly | ADV | _ | 21 asked | advmod |
| 21 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 were | conj |
| 22 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 27 die | advmod |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Master | det |
| 24 | Master | Master | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 die | nsubj |
| 25 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 die | cop |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 die | mark |
| 27 | die | die | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 asked | xcomp |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 replied | punct |
| 29 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 replied | cc |
| 30 | to | to | ADP | _ | 31 him | case |
| 31 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 replied | obl |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 Toad | det |
| 33 | Toad | Toad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 replied | nsubj |
| 34 | replied | reply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 asked | parataxis |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 Well | punct |
| 36 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 Well | punct |
| 37 | Well | well | INTJ | _ | 34 replied | discourse |
| 38 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 2 were | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | two witches and the Porcupine and Toad | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | bear | gerund | the Porcupine and Toad not said here | the human form | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Patient | ||||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | past | Kulóskap | of witches = witch; humbly property | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V PP.recipient how S_INF»: agent=Agent of they=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | is not said to happen | past | the Master | die property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | reply speech: assert | past | the Toad | Kulóskap | vn respond-113 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to he=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/9/48/