Celtic Fairy Tales, Jack and His Comrades, sentence 1

Once there was a poor widow, as often there has been, and she had one son.

Who acts: poor widow, widow · What happens: be, have · To what, where: one son

This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Jack and His Comrades. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (poor widow, widow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Once	once	SCONJ	_	3 was	mark
2	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	3 was	expl
3	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 had	advcl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 widow	det
5	poor	poor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 widow	amod
6	widow	widow	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 was	nsubj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 been	punct
8	as	as	SCONJ	_	12 been	mark
9	often	often	ADV	_	12 been	advmod
10	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	12 been	expl
11	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 been	aux
12	been	be	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 was	advcl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 had	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 had	cc
15	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 had	nsubj
16	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
17	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 son	nummod
18	son	son	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 had	obj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	16 had	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	be	past	a poor widow		there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	be	present · perfect	a poor widow not said here		there	often property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	have	past	widow	one son			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg7885/18/1/