Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1, sentence 16
From this department of European antiquities the historian retires baffled, and the dry savant is alone master of the field, but a field which, as cultivated by him alone, remains barren or fertile only in things the reverse of exhilarating.
Who acts: historian, dry savant, reverse · What happens: retire, baffle, be, cultivate, remain, exhilarate · To what, where: European antiquities, alone master, field, barren things, department
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (historian, dry savant, reverse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | From | from | ADP | _ | 3 department | case |
| 2 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 department | det |
| 3 | department | department | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 remains | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 antiquities | case |
| 5 | European | European | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 antiquities | amod |
| 6 | antiquities | antiquity | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 department | nmod |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 historian | det |
| 8 | historian | historian | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 retires | nsubj |
| 9 | retires | retire | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 antiquities | acl:relcl |
| 10 | baffled | baffle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 retires | xcomp |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 master | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 master | cc |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 savant | det |
| 14 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 savant | amod |
| 15 | savant | savant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 master | nsubj |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 master | cop |
| 17 | alone | alone | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 master | amod |
| 18 | master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 department | conj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 field | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 field | det |
| 21 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 master | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 field | punct |
| 23 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 25 field | cc |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 field | det |
| 25 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 department | conj |
| 26 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 cultivated | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 cultivated | punct |
| 28 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 29 cultivated | mark |
| 29 | cultivated | cultivate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 field | acl:relcl |
| 30 | by | by | ADP | _ | 31 him | case |
| 31 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 cultivated | obl |
| 32 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 29 cultivated | advmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 department | punct |
| 34 | remains | remain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 35 | barren | barren | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 things | amod |
| 36 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 37 fertile | cc |
| 37 | fertile | fertile | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 barren | conj |
| 38 | only | only | ADV | _ | 40 things | advmod |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 things | case |
| 40 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 remains | obj |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 reverse | det |
| 42 | reverse | reverse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 things | appos |
| 43 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 44 exhilarating | mark |
| 44 | exhilarating | exhilarate | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 42 reverse | acl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 34 remains | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | retire | present | the historian | European antiquities not said here | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | baffle | participle | the historian not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | is a | present | the dry savant | alone master | of the field | tree rules | |||
| 4 | cultivate | participle · passive | historian | a field | alone property | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product | |||
| 5 | remain | present | barren things | this department of European antiquities and alone master but a field | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme thing=Attribute | ||||
| 6 | exhilarate | gerund | the reverse not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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