Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1, sentence 31
We know the colour of his hair, the date of his birth and of his death, and his relations, in time and otherwise, with the remainder of the princes and warriors with whom, in that mound-raising period of our history, he was connected, in hostility or friendship; and all this enshrined in ancient song, the transmitted traditions of the people who raised that barrow, and who laid within it sorrowing their brave ruler and, defender.
Who acts: We, people, song, student · What happens: know, raise, connect, enshrine, transmit, lay · To what, where: colour, student, hostility, this, ancient song, barrow
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, people, song, student), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 know | nsubj |
| 2 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 colour | det |
| 4 | colour | colour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 know | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 hair | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 hair | nmod:poss |
| 7 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 colour | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 date | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 date | det |
| 10 | date | date | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 colour | conj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 birth | case |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 birth | nmod:poss |
| 13 | birth | birth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 date | nmod |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 death | cc |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 death | case |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 death | nmod:poss |
| 17 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 birth | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 relations | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 relations | cc |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 relations | nmod:poss |
| 21 | relations | relation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 know | parataxis |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 time | punct |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 time | case |
| 24 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 relations | conj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 otherwise | cc |
| 26 | otherwise | otherwise | ADV | _ | 21 relations | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 remainder | punct |
| 28 | with | with | ADP | _ | 30 remainder | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 remainder | det |
| 30 | remainder | remainder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 relations | conj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 princes | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 princes | det |
| 33 | princes | prince | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 remainder | nmod |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 warriors | cc |
| 35 | warriors | warrior | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 princes | conj |
| 36 | with | with | ADP | _ | 37 whom | case |
| 37 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 warriors | nmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 period | punct |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 period | case |
| 40 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 44 period | det |
| 41 | mound | mound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 raising | compound |
| 42 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 41 mound | punct |
| 43 | raising | raise | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 44 period | amod |
| 44 | period | period | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 relations | conj |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 history | case |
| 46 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 history | nmod:poss |
| 47 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 period | nmod |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 connected | punct |
| 49 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 51 connected | nsubj:pass |
| 50 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 51 connected | aux:pass |
| 51 | connected | connect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 relations | conj |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 hostility | punct |
| 53 | in | in | ADP | _ | 54 hostility | case |
| 54 | hostility | hostility | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 connected | obl |
| 55 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 56 friendship | cc |
| 56 | friendship | friendship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 hostility | conj |
| 57 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 61 enshrined | punct |
| 58 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 61 enshrined | cc |
| 59 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 61 enshrined | det:predet |
| 60 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 61 enshrined | nsubj:pass |
| 61 | enshrined | enshrine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 know | conj |
| 62 | in | in | ADP | _ | 64 song | case |
| 63 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 64 song | amod |
| 64 | song | song | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 enshrined | obl |
| 65 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 68 traditions | punct |
| 66 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 68 traditions | det |
| 67 | transmitted | transmit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 68 traditions | amod |
| 68 | traditions | tradition | NOUN | Number=Plur | 61 enshrined | obl |
| 69 | of | of | ADP | _ | 71 people | case |
| 70 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 71 people | det |
| 71 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 68 traditions | nmod |
| 72 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 73 raised | nsubj |
| 73 | raised | raise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 71 people | acl:relcl |
| 74 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 75 barrow | det |
| 75 | barrow | barrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 73 raised | obj |
| 76 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 79 laid | punct |
| 77 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 79 laid | cc |
| 78 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 79 laid | nsubj |
| 79 | laid | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 61 enshrined | conj |
| 80 | within | within | ADP | _ | 82 sorrowing | mark |
| 81 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 82 sorrowing | nsubj |
| 82 | sorrowing | sorrow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 79 laid | advcl |
| 83 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 85 ruler | nmod:poss |
| 84 | brave | brave | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 85 ruler | amod |
| 85 | ruler | ruler | NOUN | Number=Sing | 82 sorrowing | obj |
| 86 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 88 defender | cc |
| 87 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 88 defender | punct |
| 88 | defender | defender | NOUN | Number=Sing | 82 sorrowing | conj |
| 89 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 know | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | present | We | the colour of student's hair and the date of student's birth and student's death | student's relations and time and the remainder of the princes and warriors with the princes and warriors and that raising period of our history parataxis | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer colour=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | raise | gerund | mound compound | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | connect | past · passive | student | hostility or friendship | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 4 | enshrine | participle · passive | this | ancient song | the transmitted traditions of the people obl | tree rules | |||
| 5 | transmit | participle | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | raise | past | the people | that barrow | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barrow=Theme | ||||
| 7 | lay | past | who nsubj | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | sorrow | gerund | song | barrow's brave ruler | defender conj | tree rules | |||
| 9 | die | student | nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/1/31/