Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh., sentence 141
But as the celebration became greater and more solemn, this feeling would become more strong, and as the tomb, from a small heap of stones or low mound, grew into an enormous and imposing rath, the belief that this was the hero's house, in which he invisibly dwelt, could not be avoided, even before they ceased to regard him as a disembodied hero; and after the hero had mingled with the divine clans, and was numbered amongst the gods, the idea that the rath was a tomb could not logically be entertained.
Who acts: celebration, feeling, this, heroes, rath · What happens: become, grow, be, dwell, not avoid, cease · To what, where: enormous rath, feeling, idea
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Firbolgs and Third Cycle of the Fomoroh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (celebration, feeling, this, heroes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 5 became | cc |
| 2 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 5 became | mark |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 celebration | det |
| 4 | celebration | celebration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 became | nsubj |
| 5 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | greater | great | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 5 became | xcomp |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 solemn | cc |
| 8 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 9 solemn | advmod |
| 9 | solemn | solemn | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 greater | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 become | punct |
| 11 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 12 feeling | det |
| 12 | feeling | feeling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 become | nsubj |
| 13 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 14 become | aux |
| 14 | become | become | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 became | conj |
| 15 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 16 strong | advmod |
| 16 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 become | xcomp |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 grew | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 grew | cc |
| 19 | as | as | ADP | _ | 21 tomb | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 tomb | det |
| 21 | tomb | tomb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 grew | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 heap | punct |
| 23 | from | from | ADP | _ | 26 heap | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 heap | det |
| 25 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 heap | amod |
| 26 | heap | heap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 tomb | conj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 stones | case |
| 28 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 heap | nmod |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 31 mound | cc |
| 30 | low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 mound | amod |
| 31 | mound | mound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 stones | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 tomb | punct |
| 33 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 became | conj |
| 34 | into | into | ADP | _ | 39 rath | case |
| 35 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 rath | det |
| 36 | enormous | enormous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 rath | amod |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 imposing | cc |
| 38 | imposing | imposing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 enormous | conj |
| 39 | rath | rath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 grew | obl |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 belief | punct |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 belief | det |
| 42 | belief | belief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 rath | appos |
| 43 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 49 house | mark |
| 44 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 47 hero | nsubj |
| 45 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 47 hero | cop |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 hero | det |
| 47 | hero | hero | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 house | compound |
| 48 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 47 hero | case |
| 49 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 belief | acl |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 dwelt | punct |
| 51 | in | in | ADP | _ | 52 which | case |
| 52 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 55 dwelt | obl |
| 53 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 55 dwelt | nsubj |
| 54 | invisibly | invisibly | ADV | _ | 55 dwelt | advmod |
| 55 | dwelt | dwell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 grew | conj |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 avoided | punct |
| 57 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 60 avoided | aux |
| 58 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 60 avoided | advmod |
| 59 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 60 avoided | aux:pass |
| 60 | avoided | avoid | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 55 dwelt | parataxis |
| 61 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 65 ceased | punct |
| 62 | even | even | ADV | _ | 65 ceased | advmod |
| 63 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 65 ceased | mark |
| 64 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 65 ceased | nsubj |
| 65 | ceased | cease | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 60 avoided | advcl |
| 66 | to | to | PART | _ | 67 regard | mark |
| 67 | regard | regard | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 65 ceased | xcomp |
| 68 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 67 regard | obj |
| 69 | as | as | ADP | _ | 72 hero | case |
| 70 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 72 hero | det |
| 71 | disembodied | disembodied | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 72 hero | amod |
| 72 | hero | hero | NOUN | Number=Sing | 67 regard | obl |
| 73 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 79 mingled | punct |
| 74 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 79 mingled | cc |
| 75 | after | after | ADP | _ | 77 hero | case |
| 76 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 77 hero | det |
| 77 | hero | hero | NOUN | Number=Sing | 79 mingled | obl |
| 78 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 79 mingled | aux |
| 79 | mingled | mingle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 became | conj |
| 80 | with | with | ADP | _ | 83 clans | case |
| 81 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 83 clans | det |
| 82 | divine | divine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 83 clans | amod |
| 83 | clans | clan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 79 mingled | obl |
| 84 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 87 numbered | punct |
| 85 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 87 numbered | cc |
| 86 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 87 numbered | aux:pass |
| 87 | numbered | number | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 79 mingled | conj |
| 88 | amongst | amongst | ADP | _ | 90 gods | case |
| 89 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 90 gods | det |
| 90 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 87 numbered | obl |
| 91 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 93 idea | punct |
| 92 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 93 idea | det |
| 93 | idea | idea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 90 gods | appos |
| 94 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 104 entertained | mark |
| 95 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 96 rath | det |
| 96 | rath | rath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 104 entertained | nsubj |
| 97 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 104 entertained | cop |
| 98 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 99 tomb | det |
| 99 | tomb | tomb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 104 entertained | nsubj |
| 100 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 104 entertained | aux |
| 101 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 104 entertained | advmod |
| 102 | logically | logically | ADV | _ | 104 entertained | advmod |
| 103 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 104 entertained | cop |
| 104 | entertained | entertained | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 93 idea | acl |
| 105 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 became | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | become | past | the celebration | great property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | become | would | this feeling | strong property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | grow | past | the celebration not said here | into a enormous rath result; as the tomb and a small heap of stones or low mound | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into rath=Result | ||||
| 4 | is | past | this | 's the hero | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | dwell | past | feeling | which obl; invisibly property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in which=Location | ||||
| 6 | not avoid | could · passive | vn avoid-52 «NP V S_ING» | ||||||
| 7 | cease | past | heroes = hero | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 8 | regard | to-infinitive | heroes = hero not said here | feeling | as a disembodied hero | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent he=Theme as hero=Value | |||
| 9 | mingle | past · perfect | the celebration not said here | after the hero | with the divine clans | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with clan=Co-Patient | |||
| 10 | number | past · passive | the celebration not said here | amongst the gods | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP» | ||||
| 11 | not is | could · past | the rath | the idea not said here | a tomb nsubj; entertained, logically property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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