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Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3, sentence 37

For instance, if a king is represented as crossing the sea, we find that the causes leading to this, the place whence he set out, his companions, &c., are derived from the authorities, but the bard, at the same time, permits himself to give what seems to him to be an eloquent or beautiful description of the sea, and the appearance presented by the many-oared galleys.

Who acts: we, causes, king, bard · What happens: represent, cross, find, lead, set out, derive · To what, where: king, sea, causes, authorities, eloquent description, appearance

This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, causes, king, bard), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

caseoblpunctmarkdetnsubjaux:passmarkadvcldetobjpunctnsubjparataxismarkdetobjaclcaseoblpunctdetconjadvmodnsubjacl:relclcompound:prtpunctnmod:possconjpunctccoblpunctaux:passconjcasedetoblpunctccdetnsubjpunctcasedetamodconjpunctconjobjmarkadvclnsubjccompcaseoblmarkcopdetamodccconjxcompcasedetnmodpunctccdetnsubj:passconjcasedetcompoundpunctamodoblpunctrootForADPinstanceNOUN,PUNCTifSCONJaDETkingNOUNisAUXrepresentedVERBasSCONJcrossingVERBtheDETseaNOUN,PUNCTwePRONfindVERBthatSCONJtheDETcausesNOUNleadingVERBtoADPthisPRON,PUNCTtheDETplaceNOUNwhenceADVhePRONsetVERBoutADP,PUNCThisPRONcompanionsNOUN,PUNCT&CCONJc.NOUN,PUNCTareAUXderivedVERBfromADPtheDETauthoritiesNOUN,PUNCTbutCCONJtheDETbardNOUN,PUNCTatADPtheDETsameADJtimeNOUN,PUNCTpermitsVERBhimselfPRONtoPARTgiveVERBwhatPRONseemsVERBtoADPhimPRONtoPARTbeAUXanDETeloquentADJorCCONJbeautifulADJdescriptionNOUNofADPtheDETseaNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJtheDETappearanceNOUNpresentedVERBbyADPtheDETmanyADJ-PUNCToaredVERBgalleysNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ForforADP_2 instancecase
2instanceinstanceNOUNNumber=Sing8 representedobl
3,,PUNCT_2 instancepunct
4ififSCONJ_8 representedmark
5aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art6 kingdet
6kingkingNOUNNumber=Sing8 representednsubj
7isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin8 representedaux:pass
8representedrepresentVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Passrootroot
9asasSCONJ_10 crossingmark
10crossingcrossVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part8 representedadvcl
11thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art12 seadet
12seaseaNOUNNumber=Sing10 crossingobj
13,,PUNCT_15 findpunct
14wewePRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs15 findnsubj
15findfindVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin8 representedparataxis
16thatthatSCONJ_18 causesmark
17thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art18 causesdet
18causescauseNOUNNumber=Plur15 findobj
19leadingleadVERBVerbForm=Ger18 causesacl
20totoADP_21 thiscase
21thisthisPRONNumber=Sing PronType=Dem19 leadingobl
22,,PUNCT_24 placepunct
23thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art24 placedet
24placeplaceNOUNNumber=Sing18 causesconj
25whencewhenceADVPronType=Int27 setadvmod
26hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs27 setnsubj
27setsetVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin24 placeacl:relcl
28outoutADP_27 setcompound:prt
29,,PUNCT_31 companionspunct
30hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs31 companionsnmod:poss
31companionscompanionNOUNNumber=Plur18 causesconj
32,,PUNCT_34 c.punct
33&&CCONJ_34 c.cc
34c.c.NOUNNumber=Sing15 findobl
35,,PUNCT_37 derivedpunct
36arebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin37 derivedaux:pass
37derivedderiveVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass15 findconj
38fromfromADP_40 authoritiescase
39thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art40 authoritiesdet
40authoritiesauthorityNOUNNumber=Plur37 derivedobl
41,,PUNCT_51 permitspunct
42butbutCCONJ_51 permitscc
43thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art44 barddet
44bardbardNOUNNumber=Sing51 permitsnsubj
45,,PUNCT_49 timepunct
46atatADP_49 timecase
47thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art49 timedet
48samesameADJDegree=Pos49 timeamod
49timetimeNOUNNumber=Sing44 bardconj
50,,PUNCT_44 bardpunct
51permitspermitVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin8 representedconj
52himselfhimselfPRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes51 permitsobj
53totoPART_54 givemark
54givegiveVERBVerbForm=Inf51 permitsadvcl
55whatwhatPRONPronType=Int56 seemsnsubj
56seemsseemVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin54 giveccomp
57totoADP_58 himcase
58himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs56 seemsobl
59totoPART_65 descriptionmark
60bebeAUXVerbForm=Inf65 descriptioncop
61anaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art65 descriptiondet
62eloquenteloquentADJDegree=Pos65 descriptionamod
63ororCCONJ_64 beautifulcc
64beautifulbeautifulADJDegree=Pos62 eloquentconj
65descriptiondescriptionNOUNNumber=Sing56 seemsxcomp
66ofofADP_68 seacase
67thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art68 seadet
68seaseaNOUNNumber=Sing65 descriptionnmod
69,,PUNCT_73 presentedpunct
70andandCCONJ_73 presentedcc
71thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art72 appearancedet
72appearanceappearanceNOUNNumber=Sing73 presentednsubj:pass
73presentedpresentVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass8 representedconj
74bybyADP_79 galleyscase
75thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art79 galleysdet
76manymanyADJDegree=Pos78 oaredcompound
77--PUNCT_76 manypunct
78oaredoarVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass79 galleysamod
79galleysgalleyNOUNNumber=Plur73 presentedobl
80..PUNCT_8 representedpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1representpresent · passivea kingfor instancevn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme for instance=Attribute
2crossgerundthe seavn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sea=Patient
3findpresentwethe causes and the place and king's companionsc. oblvn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cause=Topic
4leadgerundthe causes and the place and king's companions not said hereto thisvn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to this=Patient
5set outpastkingwhence propertyvn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6derivepresent · passivewe not said herethe authoritiesvn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: from authority=Material
7permitpresentthe bard and the same timekingvn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme
8giveto-infinitivethe bard and the same time not said heretree rules
9seempresentkingwhat nsubjvn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme
10is ato-infinitivea eloquent descriptionof the seatree rules
11presentparticiple · passivethe appearanceby the oared galleysvn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
12oarparticiplevn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/3/37/