Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3, sentence 48
These were all topical heroes, founders of nations, and believed, by the tribes and tribal confederacies which they founded, to have been in their day the chief kings of Ireland.
Who acts: These, confederacies · What happens: be, believe, found, have · To what, where: topical heroes, tribes, chief kings
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These, confederacies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 5 heroes | nsubj |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 heroes | cop |
| 3 | all | all | ADV | _ | 5 heroes | advmod |
| 4 | topical | topical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 heroes | amod |
| 5 | heroes | hero | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 founders | punct |
| 7 | founders | founder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 heroes | conj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 nations | case |
| 9 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 founders | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 believed | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 believed | cc |
| 12 | believed | believe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 heroes | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 believed | punct |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 tribes | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 tribes | det |
| 16 | tribes | tribe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 believed | obl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 confederacies | cc |
| 18 | tribal | tribal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 confederacies | amod |
| 19 | confederacies | confederacy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 tribes | conj |
| 20 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 founded | obj |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 founded | nsubj |
| 22 | founded | found | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 tribes | acl:relcl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 have | punct |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 have | mark |
| 25 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 believed | parataxis |
| 26 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 32 kings | cop |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 day | case |
| 28 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 day | nmod:poss |
| 29 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 kings | obl |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 kings | det |
| 31 | chief | chief | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 kings | amod |
| 32 | kings | king | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 have | obj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 Ireland | case |
| 34 | Ireland | Ireland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 kings | nmod |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 heroes | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | These | topical heroes and founders of nations | founders of nations conj; all property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | believe | participle | These not said here | by the tribes and tribal confederacies | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | found | past | confederacies = confederacy | the tribes and tribal confederacies | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient | ||||
| 4 | have | to-infinitive | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | is a | participle | the chief kings | day | of Ireland | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/3/48/