Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4, sentence 37
Again, a close study of its contents, as of the contents of all the Irish historic tales, proves that in its present form, whenever that form was superadded, it is but a representation in prose of a pre-existing metrical original.
Who acts: close study, form, study · What happens: prove, superadd, be, study, form · To what, where: form, representation, prose, contents
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (close study, form, study), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Again | again | ADV | _ | 21 proves | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Again | punct |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 study | det |
| 4 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 study | amod |
| 5 | study | study | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 proves | nsubj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 contents | case |
| 7 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 contents | nmod:poss |
| 8 | contents | contents | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 5 study | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 contents | punct |
| 10 | as | as | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 13 contents | case |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 as | fixed |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 contents | det |
| 13 | contents | contents | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 8 contents | conj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 tales | case |
| 15 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 19 tales | det:predet |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 tales | det |
| 17 | Irish | Irish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 tales | amod |
| 18 | historic | historic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 tales | amod |
| 19 | tales | tale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 contents | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 study | punct |
| 21 | proves | prove | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 22 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 26 form | mark |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 form | case |
| 24 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 form | nmod:poss |
| 25 | present | present | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 form | amod |
| 26 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 proves | ccomp |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 superadded | punct |
| 28 | whenever | whenever | ADV | PronType=Rel | 32 superadded | advmod |
| 29 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 30 form | det |
| 30 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 superadded | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 superadded | aux:pass |
| 32 | superadded | superadd | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 form | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 representation | punct |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 representation | nsubj |
| 35 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 representation | cop |
| 36 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 38 representation | cc |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 representation | det |
| 38 | representation | representation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 proves | obl |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 prose | case |
| 40 | prose | prose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 representation | nmod |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 original | case |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 original | det |
| 43 | pre-existing | pre-existing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 original | amod |
| 44 | metrical | metrical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 original | amod |
| 45 | original | original | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 representation | nmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 proves | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | prove | present | a close study of study's contents and the contents of all Irish historic tales | again | study's present form ccomp | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | superadd | past · passive | that form | whenever property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | form | a representation | prose | of a pre-existing metrical original | tree rules | ||
| 4 | study | study's contents and the contents of all Irish historic tales | nom study «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 5 | form | study | nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/4/37/