Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4, sentence 44
This being so, how have the English literary classes recognised, or how treated, our claim to the possession of an antique literature of peculiar historical interest, and by reason of that antiquity, a matter of concern to all Aryan nations?
Who acts: This, our, concern · What happens: be, recognise, treat, claim, possess, matter · To what, where: English literary classes, claim, antique literature
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, our, concern), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 so | nsubj |
| 2 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 so | cop |
| 3 | so | so | ADV | _ | 15 treated | advmod |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 have | punct |
| 5 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 6 have | advmod |
| 6 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 treated | aux |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 classes | det |
| 8 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 classes | amod |
| 9 | literary | literary | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 classes | compound |
| 10 | classes | class | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 have | obj |
| 11 | recognised | recognise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 classes | acl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 treated | punct |
| 13 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 15 treated | cc |
| 14 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 15 treated | advmod |
| 15 | treated | treat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 treated | punct |
| 17 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 claim | nmod:poss |
| 18 | claim | claim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 treated | obj |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 possession | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 possession | det |
| 21 | possession | possession | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 claim | nmod |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 literature | case |
| 23 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 literature | det |
| 24 | antique | antique | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 literature | amod |
| 25 | literature | literature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 possession | nmod |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 interest | case |
| 27 | peculiar | peculiar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 interest | compound |
| 28 | historical | historical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 interest | amod |
| 29 | interest | interest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 literature | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 reason | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 reason | cc |
| 32 | by | by | ADP | _ | 33 reason | case |
| 33 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 claim | conj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 antiquity | case |
| 35 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 36 antiquity | det |
| 36 | antiquity | antiquity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 reason | nmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 matter | punct |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 matter | det |
| 39 | matter | matter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 reason | appos |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 concern | case |
| 41 | concern | concern | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 matter | nmod |
| 42 | to | to | ADP | _ | 45 nations | case |
| 43 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 45 nations | det |
| 44 | Aryan | Aryan | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 nations | amod |
| 45 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 concern | nmod |
| 46 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 15 treated | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | gerund | This | so property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | recognise | participle | the English literary classes not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | treat | present · perfect | our claim and reason of that antiquity | to the possession of a antique literature of peculiar historical interest | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent claim=Theme to possession=be' | ||||
| 4 | claim | our | to the possession of a antique literature of peculiar historical interest | nom claim «communication transitive»: poss=agent to=obl | |||||
| 5 | possess | a antique literature of peculiar historical interest | nom possession «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 6 | matter | concern to all Aryan nations | nom matter «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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