Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4, sentence 65
On page 33, Vol. I., will be seen a poem [Note: Publications of Ossianic Society, page 303, Vol. IV.] by Fionn upon the spring-time, made, as the old unknown historian says, to prove his poetic powers--a poem whose antique language relegates it to a period long prior to the tales of the Leabhar na Huidhre, one which, if we were to meet side by side with the "Ode to Night," by Alcman, in the Greek anthology, we would not be surprised; or those lines on page 203, Vol. I., the song of Cuculain, forsaken by his people, watching the frontier of his country--
Who acts: Fionn, old unknown historian, antique language, we, Leabhar na Huidhre, Cuculain · What happens: see, make, say, prove, relegate, meet · To what, where: poem, page, poetic powers, side, song, frontier · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fionn, old unknown historian, antique language, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 2 page | case |
| 2 | page | page | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 seen | obl |
| 3 | 33 | 33 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 2 page | flat |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 Vol. | punct |
| 5 | Vol. | Vol. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 page | appos |
| 6 | I. | I. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Vol. | flat |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 page | punct |
| 8 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 seen | aux |
| 9 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 10 seen | aux:pass |
| 10 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 poem | det |
| 12 | poem | poem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 seen | obj |
| 13 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 14 Note | punct |
| 14 | Note | note | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 poem | appos |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 Publications | punct |
| 16 | Publications | Publication | PROPN | Number=Plur | 14 Note | appos |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 Society | case |
| 18 | Ossianic | Ossianic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Society | compound |
| 19 | Society | Society | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Publications | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 page | punct |
| 21 | page | page | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 Society | appos |
| 22 | 303 | 303 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 21 page | flat |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 IV | punct |
| 24 | Vol. | vol. | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 IV | compound |
| 25 | IV | iv | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 Note | conj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 Note | punct |
| 27 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 14 Note | punct |
| 28 | by | by | ADP | _ | 29 Fionn | case |
| 29 | Fionn | Fionn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 seen | obl |
| 30 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 34 time | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 time | det |
| 32 | spring | spring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 time | compound |
| 33 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 spring | punct |
| 34 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 seen | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 made | punct |
| 36 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 seen | conj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 says | punct |
| 38 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 43 says | mark |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 historian | det |
| 40 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 historian | amod |
| 41 | unknown | unknown | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 historian | amod |
| 42 | historian | historian | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 says | nsubj |
| 43 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 made | parataxis |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 prove | punct |
| 45 | to | to | PART | _ | 46 prove | mark |
| 46 | prove | prove | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 43 says | ccomp |
| 47 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 49 powers | nmod:poss |
| 48 | poetic | poetic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 powers | amod |
| 49 | powers | power | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 prove | obj |
| 50 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 52 poem | punct |
| 51 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 52 poem | det |
| 52 | poem | poem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 relegates | obl |
| 53 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 55 language | nmod:poss |
| 54 | antique | antique | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 55 language | amod |
| 55 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 relegates | nsubj |
| 56 | relegates | relegate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 46 prove | parataxis |
| 57 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 56 relegates | obj |
| 58 | to | to | ADP | _ | 60 period | case |
| 59 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 60 period | det |
| 60 | period | period | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 long | obl |
| 61 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 56 relegates | parataxis |
| 62 | prior | prior | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 65 tales | case |
| 63 | to | to | ADP | _ | 62 prior | fixed |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 65 tales | det |
| 65 | tales | tale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 61 long | obl |
| 66 | of | of | ADP | _ | 70 Huidhre | case |
| 67 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 70 Huidhre | det |
| 68 | Leabhar | Leabhar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 70 Huidhre | compound |
| 69 | na | na | PROPN | Number=Sing | 70 Huidhre | compound |
| 70 | Huidhre | Huidhre | PROPN | Number=Sing | 65 tales | nmod |
| 71 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 72 one | punct |
| 72 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 70 Huidhre | list |
| 73 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 79 meet | obj |
| 74 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 73 which | punct |
| 75 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 79 meet | mark |
| 76 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 79 meet | nsubj |
| 77 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 79 meet | aux |
| 78 | to | to | PART | _ | 79 meet | mark |
| 79 | meet | meet | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 72 one | acl:relcl |
| 80 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 79 meet | obj |
| 81 | by | by | ADP | _ | 82 side | case |
| 82 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 80 side | nmod |
| 83 | with | with | ADP | _ | 86 Ode | case |
| 84 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 86 Ode | det |
| 85 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 86 Ode | punct |
| 86 | Ode | ode | NOUN | Number=Sing | 79 meet | obl |
| 87 | to | to | ADP | _ | 88 Night | case |
| 88 | Night | Night | PROPN | Number=Sing | 86 Ode | nmod |
| 89 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 92 Alcman | punct |
| 90 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 92 Alcman | punct |
| 91 | by | by | ADP | _ | 92 Alcman | case |
| 92 | Alcman | Alcman | PROPN | Number=Sing | 86 Ode | appos |
| 93 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 97 anthology | punct |
| 94 | in | in | ADP | _ | 97 anthology | case |
| 95 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 97 anthology | det |
| 96 | Greek | Greek | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 97 anthology | amod |
| 97 | anthology | anthology | NOUN | Number=Sing | 92 Alcman | appos |
| 98 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 103 surprised | punct |
| 99 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 103 surprised | nsubj |
| 100 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 103 surprised | aux |
| 101 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 103 surprised | advmod |
| 102 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 103 surprised | cop |
| 103 | surprised | surprised | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 79 meet | parataxis |
| 104 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 107 lines | punct |
| 105 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 107 lines | cc |
| 106 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 107 lines | det |
| 107 | lines | line | NOUN | Number=Plur | 103 surprised | parataxis |
| 108 | on | on | ADP | _ | 109 page | case |
| 109 | page | page | NOUN | Number=Sing | 107 lines | nmod |
| 110 | 203 | 203 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 109 page | flat |
| 111 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 112 Vol. | punct |
| 112 | Vol. | Vol. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 107 lines | parataxis |
| 113 | I. | I. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 112 Vol. | flat |
| 114 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 116 song | punct |
| 115 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 116 song | det |
| 116 | song | song | NOUN | Number=Sing | 112 Vol. | appos |
| 117 | of | of | ADP | _ | 118 Cuculain | case |
| 118 | Cuculain | Cuculain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 116 song | nmod |
| 119 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 120 forsaken | punct |
| 120 | forsaken | forsake | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 116 song | acl |
| 121 | by | by | ADP | _ | 123 people | case |
| 122 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 123 people | nmod:poss |
| 123 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 120 forsaken | obl:agent |
| 124 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 125 watching | punct |
| 125 | watching | watch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 120 forsaken | advcl |
| 126 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 127 frontier | det |
| 127 | frontier | frontier | NOUN | Number=Sing | 125 watching | obj |
| 128 | of | of | ADP | _ | 130 country | case |
| 129 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 130 country | nmod:poss |
| 130 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 127 frontier | nmod |
| 131 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 10 seen | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | future · passive | Fionn | a poem | page | time | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer poem=Stimulus | ||
| 2 | make | participle | Fionn not said here | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | present | the old unknown historian | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | prove | to-infinitive | historian's poetic powers | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Theme | |||||
| 5 | relegate | present | antique language | a poem | Note obj | tree rules | |||
| 6 | meet a condition, not said to happen | past | we | side | by side; with the Ode to Night; which obj | tree rules | |||
| 7 | not is | would | we | that lines on page Vol. parataxis; surprised property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | forsake | participle | the song of Cuculain not said here | historian's people obl:agent | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | watch | gerund | the frontier of historian's country | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent frontier=Theme | |||||
| 10 | tell | the Leabhar na Huidhre | nom tale «communication intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 11 | sing | Cuculain | nom song «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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