Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4, sentence 71
A perfect epic is only possible when the critical spirit begins to be in the ascendant, for with the critical spirit comes that distrust and apathy towards the spontaneous literature of early times, which permit some great poet so to shape and alter the old materials as to construct a harmonious and internally consistent tale, observing throughout a sense of proportion and a due relation of the parts.
Who acts: perfect epic, critical spirit, early times · What happens: be, begin, come, permit, shape, alter · To what, where: ascendant, distrust, great poet, old materials, harmonious tale, proportion
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (perfect epic, critical spirit, early times), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 epic | det |
| 2 | perfect | perfect | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 epic | amod |
| 3 | epic | epic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 possible | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 possible | cop |
| 5 | only | only | ADV | _ | 6 possible | advmod |
| 6 | possible | possible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 11 begins | mark |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 spirit | det |
| 9 | critical | critical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 spirit | amod |
| 10 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 begins | nsubj |
| 11 | begins | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 possible | advcl |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 ascendant | mark |
| 13 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 16 ascendant | cop |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 ascendant | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 ascendant | det |
| 16 | ascendant | ascendant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 begins | ccomp |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 comes | punct |
| 18 | for | for | ADP | _ | 22 spirit | case |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 spirit | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 spirit | det |
| 21 | critical | critical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 spirit | amod |
| 22 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 comes | nsubj |
| 23 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 ascendant | conj |
| 24 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 25 distrust | det |
| 25 | distrust | distrust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 comes | obj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 apathy | cc |
| 27 | apathy | apathy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 distrust | conj |
| 28 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 31 literature | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 literature | det |
| 30 | spontaneous | spontaneous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 literature | amod |
| 31 | literature | literature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 comes | obl |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 times | case |
| 33 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 times | amod |
| 34 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 literature | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 permit | punct |
| 36 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 37 permit | nsubj |
| 37 | permit | permit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 times | acl:relcl |
| 38 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 40 poet | det |
| 39 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 poet | amod |
| 40 | poet | poet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 permit | obj |
| 41 | so | so | ADV | _ | 43 shape | advmod |
| 42 | to | to | PART | _ | 43 shape | mark |
| 43 | shape | shape | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 permit | advcl |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 alter | cc |
| 45 | alter | alter | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 43 shape | conj |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 materials | det |
| 47 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 materials | amod |
| 48 | materials | material | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 alter | obj |
| 49 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 51 construct | mark |
| 50 | to | to | PART | _ | 51 construct | mark |
| 51 | construct | construct | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 45 alter | advcl |
| 52 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 57 tale | det |
| 53 | harmonious | harmonious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 57 tale | amod |
| 54 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 56 consistent | cc |
| 55 | internally | internally | ADV | _ | 56 consistent | advmod |
| 56 | consistent | consistent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 53 harmonious | conj |
| 57 | tale | tale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 construct | obj |
| 58 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 59 observing | punct |
| 59 | observing | observe | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 51 construct | advcl |
| 60 | throughout | throughout | ADP | _ | 62 sense | case |
| 61 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 62 sense | det |
| 62 | sense | sense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 observing | obl |
| 63 | of | of | ADP | _ | 64 proportion | case |
| 64 | proportion | proportion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 sense | nmod |
| 65 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 68 relation | cc |
| 66 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 68 relation | det |
| 67 | due | due | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 68 relation | amod |
| 68 | relation | relation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 proportion | conj |
| 69 | of | of | ADP | _ | 71 parts | case |
| 70 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 71 parts | det |
| 71 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 68 relation | nmod |
| 72 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 possible | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | a perfect epic | possible property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | begin | present | the critical spirit | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | is | to-infinitive | the critical spirit not said here | the ascendant | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | come | present | the critical spirit | that distrust and apathy | towards the spontaneous literature of early times | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location distrust=Theme | |||
| 5 | permit | present | early times | some great poet | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poet=Theme | ||||
| 6 | shape | to-infinitive | early times not said here | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | |||||
| 7 | alter | infinitive | early times not said here | the old materials | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent material=Patient | ||||
| 8 | construct | to-infinitive | early times not said here | a harmonious tale | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tale=Result | ||||
| 9 | observe | gerund | early times not said here | throughout a sense of proportion and a due relation of the parts | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 10 | sense | proportion and a due relation of the parts | nom sense «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/4/71/