Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4, sentence 73
In mediaeval Ireland there was, indeed, a subtle spirit of criticism; but under its influence, being as it was of scholastic origin, no great singing men appeared, re-fashioning the old rude epics; and yet, the very shortcomings of the Irish tales, from a literary point of view, increase their importance from a historical.
Who acts: subtle spirit, influence, great singing men, shortcomings · What happens: be, sing, appear, re-fashion, increase, point · To what, where: Ireland, old rude epics, importance, historical, view
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (subtle spirit, influence, great singing men, shortcomings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 Ireland | case |
| 2 | mediaeval | mediaeval | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 Ireland | nmod:desc |
| 3 | Ireland | Ireland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 was | obl |
| 4 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 5 was | expl |
| 5 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 spirit | punct |
| 7 | indeed | indeed | ADV | _ | 11 spirit | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 spirit | punct |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 spirit | det |
| 10 | subtle | subtle | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 spirit | amod |
| 11 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 was | nsubj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 criticism | case |
| 13 | criticism | criticism | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 spirit | nmod |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 influence | punct |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 18 influence | cc |
| 16 | under | under | ADP | _ | 18 influence | case |
| 17 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 influence | nmod:poss |
| 18 | influence | influence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 was | nsubj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 origin | punct |
| 20 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 origin | cop |
| 21 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 26 origin | mark |
| 22 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 origin | nsubj |
| 23 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 origin | cop |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 origin | case |
| 25 | scholastic | scholastic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 origin | amod |
| 26 | origin | origin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 influence | appos |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 appeared | punct |
| 28 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 31 men | det |
| 29 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 men | amod |
| 30 | singing | sing | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 31 men | amod |
| 31 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 appeared | nsubj |
| 32 | appeared | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 origin | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 re-fashioning | punct |
| 34 | re-fashioning | re-fashion | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 32 appeared | advcl |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 epics | det |
| 36 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 epics | amod |
| 37 | rude | rude | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 epics | amod |
| 38 | epics | epic | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 re-fashioning | obj |
| 39 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 58 increase | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 increase | cc |
| 41 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 58 increase | advmod |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 yet | punct |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 shortcomings | det |
| 44 | very | very | ADV | _ | 45 shortcomings | advmod |
| 45 | shortcomings | shortcoming | NOUN | Number=Plur | 58 increase | nsubj |
| 46 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 tales | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 tales | det |
| 48 | Irish | Irish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 tales | amod |
| 49 | tales | tale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 shortcomings | nmod |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 point | punct |
| 51 | from | from | ADP | _ | 54 point | case |
| 52 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 54 point | det |
| 53 | literary | literary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 point | amod |
| 54 | point | point | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 tales | appos |
| 55 | of | of | ADP | _ | 56 view | case |
| 56 | view | view | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 point | nmod |
| 57 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 increase | punct |
| 58 | increase | increase | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 was | parataxis |
| 59 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 60 importance | nmod:poss |
| 60 | importance | importance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 increase | obj |
| 61 | from | from | ADP | _ | 63 historical | case |
| 62 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 63 historical | det |
| 63 | historical | historical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 increase | obl |
| 64 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 was | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | a subtle spirit of criticism | Ireland mediaeval; there | spirit's influence nsubj | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ireland=Location | |||
| 2 | is | gerund | influence | of scholastic origin | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | sing speech: express | gerund | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | appear | past | no great singing men | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | re-fashion | gerund | no great singing men not said here | the old rude epics | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | increase | infinitive | the shortcomings of the Irish tales | tales's importance | a historical | yet | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.initial_state PP.result»: agent=Patient importance=Extent from historical=Initial_State | ||
| 7 | point | view | nom point «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/4/73/