Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4, sentence 94
Under the dramatic image of Ossian wrangling with the Talkend, [Note: St. Patrick, on account of the tonsured crown.] the bards, themselves vainly fighting against the Christian life, a hundred times repeat through the lips of Ossian like a refrain--
Who acts: dramatic image, Courage, hundred times · What happens: wrangle, tonsure, fight, repeat, image, account · To what, where: dramatic image, lips, Ossian, tonsured crown
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dramatic image, Courage, hundred times), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Under | under | ADP | _ | 4 image | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 image | det |
| 3 | dramatic | dramatic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 image | amod |
| 4 | image | image | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 fighting | obl |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 Ossian | case |
| 6 | Ossian | Ossian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 image | nmod |
| 7 | wrangling | wrangle | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 image | acl |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 Talkend | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Talkend | det |
| 10 | Talkend | Talkend | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 wrangling | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 Note | punct |
| 12 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 13 Note | punct |
| 13 | Note | note | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 Talkend | appos |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 Patrick | punct |
| 15 | St. | St. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Patrick | nmod:desc |
| 16 | Patrick | Patrick | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 image | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 account | punct |
| 18 | on | on | ADP | _ | 19 account | case |
| 19 | account | account | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 Patrick | appos |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 crown | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 crown | det |
| 22 | tonsured | tonsure | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 crown | amod |
| 23 | crown | crown | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 account | nmod |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 Patrick | punct |
| 25 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 16 Patrick | punct |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 bards | det |
| 27 | bards | bard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 Patrick | nmod:unmarked |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 image | punct |
| 29 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 31 fighting | nsubj |
| 30 | vainly | vainly | ADV | _ | 31 fighting | advmod |
| 31 | fighting | fight | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 32 | against | against | ADP | _ | 35 life | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 life | det |
| 34 | Christian | Christian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 life | amod |
| 35 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 fighting | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 repeat | punct |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 hundred | det |
| 38 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 39 times | nummod |
| 39 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 repeat | nsubj |
| 40 | repeat | repeat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 fighting | conj |
| 41 | through | through | ADP | _ | 43 lips | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 lips | det |
| 43 | lips | lip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 repeat | obl |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 Ossian | case |
| 45 | Ossian | Ossian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 lips | nmod |
| 46 | like | like | ADP | _ | 48 refrain | case |
| 47 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 48 refrain | det |
| 48 | refrain | refrain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 lips | nmod |
| 49 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 31 fighting | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wrangle | gerund | the dramatic image of Ossian Patrick St. the bards not said here | with the Talkend | vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with talkend=Co-Agent | ||||
| 2 | tonsure | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | fight | gerund | Courage | the dramatic image of Ossian Patrick St. the bards | against the Christian life; vainly property | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 4 | repeat | present | hundred times | the lips of Ossian like a refrain | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | image | Ossian | nom image «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 6 | account | the tonsured crown | nom account «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/4/94/