Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, sentence 22
This done, he had not sufficient courage to publish also the rude, homely, and often vulgar ballads--a step which, in that hard critical age, would have been to expose himself and his country to swift contempt.
Who acts: literature, step · What happens: do, have, publish, be, swift · To what, where: This, sufficient courage, rude vulgar ballads, hard critical age, contempt
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (literature, step), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 done | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 had | advcl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 done | punct |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 had | nsubj |
| 5 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 8 courage | advmod |
| 7 | sufficient | sufficient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 courage | amod |
| 8 | courage | courage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 had | obj |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 publish | mark |
| 10 | publish | publish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 courage | acl |
| 11 | also | also | ADV | _ | 20 ballads | advmod |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 ballads | det |
| 13 | rude | rude | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 ballads | amod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 homely | punct |
| 15 | homely | homely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 rude | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 ballads | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 ballads | cc |
| 18 | often | often | ADV | _ | 20 ballads | advmod |
| 19 | vulgar | vulgar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 ballads | amod |
| 20 | ballads | ballad | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 publish | obj |
| 21 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 23 step | punct |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 step | det |
| 23 | step | step | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 ballads | appos |
| 24 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 expose | nsubj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 which | punct |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 age | case |
| 27 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 30 age | nsubj |
| 28 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 age | amod |
| 29 | critical | critical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 age | amod |
| 30 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 expose | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 age | punct |
| 32 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 36 expose | aux |
| 33 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 36 expose | aux |
| 34 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 36 expose | cop |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 expose | mark |
| 36 | expose | expose | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 step | acl:relcl |
| 37 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 36 expose | obj |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 country | cc |
| 39 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 country | nmod:poss |
| 40 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 himself | conj |
| 41 | to | to | PART | _ | 42 swift | mark |
| 42 | swift | swift | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 country | acl |
| 43 | contempt | contempt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 swift | obj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | participle · passive | This | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | have | past | literature | sufficient courage | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Patient | ||||
| 3 | publish | to-infinitive | literature not said here | the rude vulgar ballads | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ballad=Result | ||||
| 4 | is | would · perfect | a step | in hard critical age that | literature obj; expose property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | swift | to-infinitive | a step not said here | contempt | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/5/22/