Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, sentence 7

[Note: P. 155; vol. i.] Goll Mac Morna, in the Fenian or Ossianic cycle, declares to Conn Cedcathah [Note: Conn of the hundred battles.] that from his youth up he never attacked an enemy by night or under any disadvantage, and many times we read of heroes preferring to die rather than outrage their geisa.

Who acts: Note, we, heroes · What happens: declare, not attack, read, prefer, die, outrage · To what, where: enemy, many times, geisa

This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Note, we, heroes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	[	[	PUNCT	_	2 Note	punct
2	Note	note	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 declares	nsubj
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	5 155	punct
4	P.	P.	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 155	nmod:unmarked
5	155	155	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 Note	appos
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	7 vol.	punct
7	vol.	vol.	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 155	appos
8	i.	i.	X	Foreign=Yes	7 vol.	dep
9	]	]	PUNCT	_	7 vol.	punct
10	Goll	Goll	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Mac	compound
11	Mac	Mac	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Morna	compound
12	Morna	Morna	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 155	nmod:unmarked
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 Fenian	punct
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 Fenian	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 Fenian	det
16	Fenian	Fenian	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 155	appos
17	or	or	CCONJ	_	19 cycle	cc
18	Ossianic	Ossianic	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 cycle	compound
19	cycle	cycle	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 Fenian	conj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Note	punct
21	declares	declare	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
22	to	to	PART	_	26 Note	mark
23	Conn	Conn	PROPN	Number=Sing	26 Note	compound
24	Cedcathah	Cedcathah	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 Conn	flat
25	[	[	PUNCT	_	26 Note	punct
26	Note	note	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 declares	ccomp
27	:	:	PUNCT	_	28 Conn	punct
28	Conn	Conn	PROPN	Number=Sing	26 Note	appos
29	of	of	ADP	_	32 battles	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 battles	det
31	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	32 battles	nummod
32	battles	battle	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 Conn	nmod
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	21 declares	punct
34	]	]	PUNCT	_	21 declares	punct
35	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	38 youth	nsubj
36	from	from	ADP	_	38 youth	case
37	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	38 youth	nmod:poss
38	youth	youth	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 ]	parataxis
39	up	up	ADP	_	42 attacked	mark
40	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	42 attacked	nsubj
41	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	42 attacked	advmod
42	attacked	attack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	38 youth	acl:relcl
43	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	44 enemy	det
44	enemy	enemy	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 attacked	obj
45	by	by	ADP	_	46 night	case
46	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 enemy	nmod
47	or	or	CCONJ	_	50 disadvantage	cc
48	under	under	ADP	_	50 disadvantage	case
49	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	50 disadvantage	det
50	disadvantage	disadvantage	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 enemy	conj
51	,	,	PUNCT	_	54 times	punct
52	and	and	CCONJ	_	54 times	cc
53	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	54 times	amod
54	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 youth	appos
55	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	56 read	nsubj
56	read	read	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	54 times	acl:relcl
57	of	of	ADP	_	58 heroes	case
58	heroes	hero	NOUN	Number=Plur	56 read	obl
59	preferring	prefer	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	58 heroes	acl
60	to	to	PART	_	61 die	mark
61	die	die	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	59 preferring	xcomp
62	rather	rather	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	64 outrage	cc
63	than	than	ADP	_	62 rather	fixed
64	outrage	outrage	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	61 die	conj
65	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	66 geisa	nmod:poss
66	geisa	geisa	NOUN	Number=Sing	64 outrage	obj
67	.	.	PUNCT	_	21 declares	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	declare speech: other	present	Note			Conn Note ccomp; note's youth that parataxis	vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
2	not attack	past	note	a enemy or any disadvantage	by night		vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Patient
3	read	past	we	many times not said here		of heroes	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent time=Topic
4	prefer	gerund	heroes not said here				vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
5	die not said to happen	to-infinitive	heroes not said here				vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
6	outrage	infinitive	heroes not said here	heroes's geisa			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus geisa=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/5/7/

🌲 Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, sentence 7

The tree

Pragmatics

Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, sentence 7