Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, sentence 70
A cypher, i.e., an alphabet derived from a pre-existing alphabet, the Ogham may or may not have been.
What happens: derive · To what, where: alphabet, pre-existing alphabet, cypher
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 cypher | det |
| 2 | cypher | cypher | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 i.e. | punct |
| 4 | i.e. | i.e. | ADV | _ | 2 cypher | appos |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 alphabet | punct |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 alphabet | det |
| 7 | alphabet | alphabet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 cypher | appos |
| 8 | derived | derive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 alphabet | acl |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 12 alphabet | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 alphabet | det |
| 11 | pre-existing | pre-existing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 alphabet | amod |
| 12 | alphabet | alphabet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 derived | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 cypher | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Ogham | det |
| 15 | Ogham | Ogham | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 been | nsubj |
| 16 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 been | aux |
| 17 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 21 been | cc |
| 18 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 been | aux |
| 19 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 been | advmod |
| 20 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 21 been | aux |
| 21 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 cypher | acl:relcl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 cypher | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | derive | participle | a alphabet not said here | a pre-existing alphabet | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from alphabet=Material |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/5/70/