Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, sentence 76
In these compositions, whenever they were reduced to the form in which we find them to-day, the ethnic character of the times and the ethnic character of the heroes are clearly and universally observed.
Who acts: we · What happens: reduce, find, observe · To what, where: bard, form, compositions
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 compositions | case |
| 2 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 3 compositions | det |
| 3 | compositions | composition | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 observed | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 reduced | punct |
| 5 | whenever | whenever | ADV | PronType=Rel | 8 reduced | advmod |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 reduced | nsubj |
| 7 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 reduced | aux:pass |
| 8 | reduced | reduce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 compositions | acl |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 form | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 form | det |
| 11 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 reduced | obl |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 which | case |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 find | obl |
| 14 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 find | nsubj |
| 15 | find | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 form | acl:relcl |
| 16 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 find | obj |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 day | case |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 to | punct |
| 19 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 find | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 character | punct |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 character | det |
| 22 | ethnic | ethnic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 character | amod |
| 23 | character | character | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 day | appos |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 times | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 times | det |
| 26 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 character | nmod |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 character | cc |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 character | det |
| 29 | ethnic | ethnic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 character | amod |
| 30 | character | character | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 times | conj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 heroes | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 heroes | det |
| 33 | heroes | hero | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 character | nmod |
| 34 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 observed | aux:pass |
| 35 | clearly | clearly | ADV | _ | 38 observed | advmod |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 observed | cc |
| 37 | universally | universally | ADV | _ | 38 observed | advmod |
| 38 | observed | observe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 38 observed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reduce | past · passive | bard | to the form goal; whenever property | vn limit-76 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Patient to form=Goal | ||||
| 2 | find | present | we | bard | the form | day | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic | ||
| 3 | observe | present · passive | this compositions | clearly, universally property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/5/76/